Desempenho vitícola de clones de Cabernet Sauvignon em região de altitude do sul do Brasil

Marcon Filho, José Luiz; Rufato, Leo; Bogo, Amauri; Macedo, Tiago Afonso De; Würz, Douglas André; Kretzschmar, Aike Anneliese

Resumo

A cultivar Cabernet Sauvignon é uma das videiras para vinho mais amplamente cultivada comercialmente no Brasil. Seu desempenho em relação à qualidade final da uva depende do clone, do porta-enxerto e do “terroir” onde os vinhedos estão localizados. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar e caracterizar os efeitos de sete combinações de clones de videira Cabernet Sauvignon enxertados em dois porta-enxertos sobre a produtividade e os parâmetros físico-químicos das uvas em região de altitude do Sul do Brasil, durante as safras de 2012-2013, 2013-2014, 2014 -2015 e 2015-2016. Os experimentos foram conduzidos em um vinhedo comercial com 14 anos de idade, localizado no município de São Joaquim, Santa Catarina, conduzido em sistema de espaldeira, em duplo cordão esporonado. Os tratamentos consistiram na combinação (clone/porta-enxerto) dos clones de Cabernet Sauvignon 169; 337; 341 e R5 sobre o porta-enxerto Paulsen 1103 (P1103), e dos clones 169; 170 e 339 sobre o porta-enxerto Courdec 3309 (C3309). Houve diferenças significativas entre as combinações dos clones de videira Cabernet Sauvignon com os porta-enxertos, afetando os parâmetros produtivos, físicos, químicos e o período de maturação da uva. As combinações 339 / C3309 e 337 / P1103 apresentaram maiores produtividades, enquanto as combinações R5 / P1103, 170 / C3309 e 169 / C3309 apresentaram maior potencial para produção de vinho, quando os parâmetros físicos, químicos e de produtividade foram considerados nas condições edafoclimáticas de região de altitude do Sul do Brasil, em todas as safras avaliadas.

Termos para indexação
Vitis vinifera; seleção clonal; porta-enxertos; composição da uva; componentes de produção

[TFN0101] ^*
Data are the mean of each year ± standard deviation; the means values followed by the same uppercase in the columm among combinations and years and by the same lowercase among years for each productivity parameter do not differ among themselves as identified by Tukey test (p = 0.05); *ns = indicate not significant for analysis of variance (ANOVA) (p = 0.05)

Combination	Season	Productivity parameters
Combination	Season	Cluster per vine	Production (kg vine^-1)	Yield (t ha^-1)	Ravaz index	Fertility index
169/P1103	2012	20 ± 1.61 B ns*	3.9 ± 0.89 C b	8.6 ± 0.90 C ns	3.2 ± 0.15 B ns	1.0 ± 0.08 A ns
	2013	23 ±> 2.25 B	4.4 ± 0.72 C a	9.7 ± 2.55 C	3.4 ± 0.71 B	0.8 ± 0.07 B
	2014	21 ± 4.97 B	4.0 ± 0.68 C ab	8.8 ± 2.31 C	3.3 ± 0.71 B	0.7 ± 0.10 B
	2015	19 ±4.21 C	3.7 ± 0.44 D b	8.2 ± 3.67 C	2.9 ± 0.71 B	0.8 ± 0.05 B
337/P1103	2012	31 ± 1.48 A ns	6.0 ± 0.45 B a	13.3 ± 1.43 A ns	5.8 ± 0.20 A b	1.3 ± 0.09 A ns
	2013	36 ± 4.24 A	6.4 ± A a	14.2 ± 1.12 A	6.9 ± 0.04 A a	1.4 ± 0.11 A
	2014	30 ± 3.35 A	5.8 ± 0.88 A ab	12.8 ± 2.93 A	5.8 ± 0.20 A b	1.2 ± 0.05 A
	2015	28 ± 4.18 A	5.4 ± 0.72 B b	12.0 ± 3.01 A	5.2 ± 0.04 A b	1.1 ± 0.17 A
341/P1103	2012	21 ± 1.83 B ns	4.0 ± 0.45 C b	8.8 ± 0.63 C ns	3.3 ± 0.54 B ns	0.5 ± 0.05 B a
	2013	24 ±5.40 B	4.7 ± 0.21 B a	10.4 ± 0.79 BC	3.6 ± 0.83 B	0.2 ± 0.04 C b
	2014	20 ±0.85 B	3.9 ± 0.38 B b	8.6 ± 3.90 C	2.9 ± 0.74 B	0.5 ± 0.02 B a
	2015	24 ±0.85 B	4.7 ± 0.06 C a	10.4 ± 3.04 BC	3.2 ±0.67 B	0.3 ± 0.09 C ab
R5/P1103	2012	27 ± 1.44 B ns	5.2 ± 0.45 C a	11.5 ± 1.46 BC ns	4.0 ± 0.22 B a	0.7 ± 0.04 B ns
	2013	26 ± 4.72 B	5.0 ± 0.28 B a	11.1 ± 0.83 B	3.2 ± 0.84 B bc	0.6 ± 0.21 B
	2014	23 ± 2.35 B	4.4 ± 0.37 B b	9.7 ± 1.52 C	3.0 ± 0.37 B c	0.5 ±0.19 B
	2015	19 ± 3.71 C	3.6 ± 0.46 D b	8.0 ± 1.86 C	2.8 ±0.21 B c	0.7 ± 0.08 B
169/C3309	2012	25 ± 2.40 B ns	4.9 ± 0.44 C b	10.8 ± 0.05 C ns	1.63 ± 0.69 C c	1.0 ± 0.07 A a
	2013	28 ± 2.49 B	5.4 ± 0.25 B a	12.0 ±0.06 A	1.96 ± 0.71 C bc	0.5 ± 0.05 B c
	2014	29 ± 1.25 AB	5.6 ±0.71 A a	12.4 ±0.77 A	2.57 ± 0.55 B a	0.7 ± 0.08 B b
	2015	22 ± 0.17 B	4.2 ± 0.14 D b	9.3 ± 1.26 C	2.41 ±0.48 B a	0.9 ± 0.14 B ab
170/C3309	2012	26 ±2.04 B ns	6.0 ± 0.38 B a	13.3 ± 0.58 B a	3.9 ± 0.28 B a	0.4 ± 0.16 B b
	2013	28 ± 2.49 B	5.4 ± 0.56 B b	12.0 ± 0.82 A a	3.5 ± 0.54 B a	0.4 ± 0.11 B b
	2014	25 ± 1.94 B	4.9 ±0.05 B b	10.8 ± 0.55 BC a	3.0 ± 0.86 B b	0.6 ± 0.08 B a
	2015	23 ± 2.76 B	4.4 ± 0.33 D c	9.7 ± 0.72 C b	2.8 ±0.43 B b	0.8 ± 0.05 B a
339/C3309	2012	39 ± 2.33 A ns	7.6 ±0.53 A a	16.8 ± 1.18 A ns	4.7 ±0.80 A c	1.2 ± 0.03 A ns
	2013	36 ± 2.49 A	6.6 ±0.23 A b	14.6 ± 2.46 A	5.3 ± 0.09 A b	1.3 ± 0.06 A
	2014	31 ±1.25 A	6.0 ± 0.12 A c	13.3 ±1.89 A	5.7 ± 0.80 A a	1.4 ±0.08 A
	2015	34 ± 2.72 A	6.4 ± 0.21 A bc	14.2 ± 2.31 A	5.8 ± 0.09 A a	1.2 ±0.16 A

Combination	Season	Physical parameters
Combination	Season	Cluster mass (g)	Berries per cluster	Compactness index	Berries diameter (cm)	100 berries mass (g)	Skin:berry ratio (%)
169/P1103	2012	120.4 ± 15.40 B a	80.0 ± 7.52 C a	5.6 ± 0.25 B b	1.36 ± 0.03 ns	156.3 ± 3.07 A ab	31.5 ± 3.68 A ns
	2013	122.4 ± 13.54 B a	86.3 ± 6.52 B a	6.8 ± 0.21 B a	1.42 ±0.03	171.0 ±0.61 A a	37.2 ±4.57 A
	2014	95.2 ± 13.01 A b	52.7 ±8.69 B c	4.7 ±0.25 ns* c	1.33 ±0.03	166.5 ±7.60 A ab	28.7 ±3.91 A
	2015	119.7 ± 14.37 C a	76.5 ± 6.73 C b	6.2 ± 0.40 B a	1.40 ± 0.04	147.2 ± 1.76 A b	34.2 ±4.57 A
337/P1103	2012	148.0 ± 13.92 A a	97.0 ± 7.88 A a	6.4 ± 0.45 A b	1.35 ± 0.02	156.5 ± 5.78 A b	33.8 ± 3.84 A
	2013	151.1 ± 11.93 A a	99.8 ± 7.04 A a	7.9 ± 0.14 A a	1.41 ±0.03	167.9 ±5.79 A a	39.1 ±2.88 A
	2014	85.7 ± 14.14 A b	65.3 ± 8.22 A b	4.8 ± 0.48 c	1.37 ±0.02	173.9 ±3.53 A a	32.4 ±3.02 A
	2015	150.7 ± 13.01 A a	105.4 ± 7.76 A a	7.6 ± 0.84 A a	1.39 ±0.03	137.9 ±7.31 B c	37.1 ±2.88 A
341/P1103	2012	122.0 ± 13.92 C a	87.7 ± 11.38 B a	5.5 ± 0.29 B a	1.36 ± 0.03	157.7 ± 6.46 A a	33.7 ± 5.43 A
	2013	117.8 ± 9.97 BC a	81.2 ± 10.33 B a	6.1 ± 0.62 B a	1.35 ±0.04	168.4 ±9.42 A a	35.4 ±5.20 A
	2014	64.0 ± 11.42 BC b	55.3 ± 11.08 B b	4.5 ± 0.24 b	1.34 ±0.03	158.3 ±1.21 AB a	30.6 ±4.96 A
	2015	119.8 ± 12.01 C a	85.3 ± 9.45 B a	5.9 ± 0.51 B a	1.40 ±0.04	151.1 ±7.09 A b	32.4 ±5.20 A
R5/P1103	2012	131.7 ± 13.75 B a	92.2 ± 7.78 B a	5.7 ± 0.30 B b	1.35 ± 0.03	149.6 ± 5.67 A b	28.3 ± 5.10 A
	2013	132.1 ±11.59 B a	87.2± 7.81 B a	6.7 ± 0.44 B a	1.38±0.04	135.3±8.16 B a	34.3±3.58 A
	2014	92.5 ± 15.24 A b	51.9 ± 6.95 B b	4.9 ± 0.26 c	1.32 ±0.02	158.6 ±2.91 A a	32.1 ±4.46 A
	2015	129.7 ±; 12.66 B a	94.0 ± 7.33 B a	6.0 ± 0.30 B a	1.34 ±0.04	140.1±5.13 B b	31.3±3.58 A
169/C3309	2012	104.2± 13.78 D a	78.5± 7.40 b a	7.0±0.46 A a	1.31± 0.05	123.7± 7.94 C b	21.2± 5.77 B
	2013	103.1± 14.21 C a	72.5± 8.15 B a	6.8±0.72 B a	1.36±0.03	147.9±2.33 B a	22.3±3.68 B
	2014	71.8± 11.59 B b	45.9± 8.03 B b	4.9±0.10 c	1.27±0.04	135.3±9.70 B a	20.9±8.37 B
	2015	109.2±13.51 C a	81.0± 7.86 B a	6.0 ± 0.35 B b	1.30±0.01	102.0±11.17 C c	21.1±3.68 B
170/C3309	2012	130.3 ± 14.58 B a	92.5± 7.04 B a	6.9±0.86 B a	1.33±0.11	147.1 ± 5.87 A b	33.83 ± 4.95 A
	2013	125.5 ± 13.09 B a	85.1 ± 7.71 B a	6.6±0.49 B a	1.27±0.04	158.0±6.55 A a	39.2±3.98 A
	2014	79.3 ± 14.09 B b	50.7± 7.32 B c	4.5±0.38 c	1.38±0.11	154.7±4.13 B a	29.5±5.71 A
	2015	127.3 ± 11.68 B a	72.3 ±8.16 C b	5.9 ± 0.55 B b	1.27±0.04	131.2±5.68 B c	33.2±3.98 A
339/C3309	2012	139.2 ± 12.32 AB a	105.9 ±10.33 A a	7.6±0.53 A a	1.34 ± 0.18	146.6 ± 7.21 B b	32.70 ± 4.67 A
	2013	156.7±17.32 A a	102.11±9.21 A a	7.8±0.42 A a	1.36±0.01	159.3±6.80 A a	34.7±4.46 A
	2014	83.5±15.37 A b	68.9 ± 9.89 A b	4.7 ± 0.23 b	1.39±0.01	154.6±9.94 B ab	29.5±6.41 A
	2015	136.1 ± 11.08 B a	99.5 ±10.07 A a	7.9 ± 0.37 A a	1.40±0.01	157.3±5.37 A a	37.7±4.46 A

Combination	Season	Chemical parameters
Combination	Season	Soluble solids (°Brix)	Total acidity (meq L^-1)	pH
169/P1103	2012	19.1 ± 0.42 B ns	161.9 ± 10.07 A ns	3.03 ± 0.09 A b
	2013	19.0 ± 0.05 B	156.1 ± 9.77 A	3.07 ± 0.04 A b
	2014	19.2 ± 0.65 B	158.1 ± 2.96 A	3.15 ± 0.07 A a
	2015	18.5 ± 0.34 B	153.5 ± 15.30 B	3.17 ± 0.02 A a
337/P1103	2012	19.2 ± 0.43 B ns	164.4 ± 15.84 A ns	3.08 ± 0.07 A b
	2013	19.3 ± 0.76 B	161.9 ± 18.75 A	2.99 ± 0.09 B b
	2014	19.7 ± 0.21 B	164.3 ± 16.89 A	3.05 ± 0.10 A b
	2015	19.8 ± 0.42 A	167.3 ± 11.54 A	3.21 ± 0.04 A a
341/P1103	2012	19.7 ± 0.26 B ns	164.5 ± 16.45 A ns	3.07 ± 0.04 A b
	2013	19.1 ± 0.31 B	161.3 ± 21.27 A	3.04 ± 0.07 A b
	2014	19.2 ± 0.15 B	157.1 ± 13.40 A	3.13 ± 0.03 A a
	2015	20.0 ± 0.32 A	167.8 ± 14.27 A	3.19 ± 0.02 A a
R5/P1103	2012	21.7 ± 0.25 A ns	140.05 ± 13.32 B ns	2.91 ± 0.14 B ns
	2013	21.8 ± 0.21 A	136.6 ± 3.04 C	2.77 ± 0.37 C
	2014	20.7 ± 0.26 A	139.0 ± 11.33 B	2.93 ± 0.05 B
	2015	20.6 ± 0.28 A	142.9 ± 18.72 BC	2.85 ± 0.06 C
169/C3309	2012	21.9 ± 0.15 A a	135.1 ± 12.84 B ns	2.72 ± 0.15 B ns
	2013	20.4 ± 0.06 A b	131.8 ± 8.29 C	2.92±0.01 B
	2014	20.7 ± 0.05 A b	131.9 ± 10.7 B	2.87 ± 0.04 B
	2015	21.1 ± 0.40 A ab	135.1 ± 12.87 C	2.83 ± 0.03 B
170/C3309	2012	20.7 ± 0.27 A ns	142.8 ± 10.66 B b	2.95 ± 0.03 B a
	2013	21.3 ± 0.15 A	142.1 ± 8.04 C b	2.98 ± 0.03 B a
	2014	21.6 ± 0.15 A	135.4 ± 11.11 B b	2.93 ±0.08 B a
	2015	20.9 ± 0.44 A	152.3 ±13.46 B a	2.86 ±0.03 BC b
339/C3309	2012	19.3 ± 0.32 B ns	156.8 ± 9.24 A a	3.10 ± 0.32 A a
	2013	19.2 ± 0.05 B	152.6 ± 0.00 BC a	3.11 ±0.02 A a
	2014	19.4 ± 0.59 B	148.4 ± 14.95 A a	3.06± 0.07 A b
	2015	20.1 ±0.29 A	143.8± 8.89 BC b	3.18 ± 0.04 A a

Combination	Season	Polyphenols and color parameters
Combination	Season	Total polyphenols (mg L^-1)	Anthocyanin (mg L^-1)	Berry color, intensity (420+520+620 nm)	Berry color, hue (420/520 nm)
169/P1103	2012	1,607.5 ± 216.3 B a	1,104.77 ± 111.8 B a	8.53 ± 0.87 B bc	1.06 ± 0.19 B ns
	2013	1,458.7 ± 123.93 ns b	898.4 ± 64.72 B b	7.28 ± 0.30 C c	0.96 ± 0.01 B
	2014	1,798.3 ± 371.16 D a	1,149.3 ± 103.02 B a	9.24 ± 1.16 B a	0.90 ± 0.02 B
	2015	1,400.8 ± 255.10 C b	1,040.8 ± 174.02 B a	9.60 ± 0.54 B a	1.09 ± 0.41 B
337/P1103	2012	2,207.9 ± 75.50 A b	1,056.7 ± 88.82 B a	8.78 ±0.87 B ns	1.03 ± 0.07 B a
	2013	1,603.3 ± 65.63 c	860.2 ± 23.63 B b	8.58 ± 0.41 B	1.09 ± 0.04 B a
	2014	3,859.6 ± 63.20 B a	1,210.47 ± 60.64 B a	8.25 ± 0.66 B	0.89 ± 0.04 B b
	2015	2,254.3 ±27.97 B b	1,226.0 ± 263.58 B a	9.31 ± 1.50 B	1.08 ± 0.05 B a
341/P1103	2012	2,113.3 ± 74.0 AB a	1,007.77 ± 89.31 B b	8.59 ± 1.76 B b	1.02 ± 0.08 C a
	2013	1,537.0 ± 70.68 b	835.14 ± 30.58 B c	8.44 ± 1.14 B b	1.06 ± 0.09 B a
	2014	2,129.3 ± 343.56 C a	1,133.9 ± 132.01 B a	9.56 ± 1.52 B a	0.85 ± 0.03 B b
	2015	2,285.4 ± 431.15 B a	1,021.1 ± 144.14 B a	9.96 ± 3.11 B a	0.99 ± 0.10 C a
R5/P1103	2012	2,796.3 ± 79.20 A b	2,065.2 ± 56.58 A a	10.89 ± 1.52 A b	1.33±0.10 A a
	2013	1,600.2 ± 23.33 c	1,753.4 ± 41.67 A b	9.58 ± 0.60 A c	1.09 ± 0.04 A bc
	2014	4,641.4 ± 49.00 A a	1,624.4 ± 42.27 A bc	11.4 ± 0.85 A b	1.05 ± 0.12 A c
	2015	2,897.6 ± 94.41 A b	1,479.5 ± 22.34 A c	17.60 ± 3.51 A a	1.12 ± 0.05 B b
169/C3309	2012	2,597.1 ± 24.3 A b	1,652,0 ± 58.30 A a	9.98 ± 0.54 A b	1.26± 0.08 A
	2013	1,474.3 ± 0.03 c	1,561.9 ± 9.90 A a	9.35 ± 0.47 A b	1.35 ± 0.04 A
	2014	4,947.5 ± 85.59 A a	1,563.6 ± 31.96 A a	11.78 ± 1.05 A a	1.04 ± 0.04 A
	2015	2,103.18 ± 22.37 B b	1,316.6 ± 45.02 A b	12.07 ± 0.48 A a	1.14 + 0.12 A
170/C3309	2012	2,524.7 ± 14.60 A c	1,468.2 ± 57.4 A a	9.96 ± 1.25 A c	1.39± 0.10 A
	2013	1,652.5 ± 56.20 d	1,473.2 ± 16.19 A a	10.27 ± 0.39 A bc	1.22 ± 0.09 A
	2014	4,038.4 ±41.68 A a	1,384.2 ± 40.17 A a	10.88 ± 1.09 A a	1.11 ± 0.03 A
	2015	3,206.7 ± 10.32 A b	1,268.8 ± 36.67 A b	13.59 ±3.07 A a	1.30 ± 0.28 A
339/C3309	2012	2,047.7 ± 29.4 B a	1,083.4 ± 46.17 B a	8.69	0.88± 0.07 C
	2013	1,541.0 ± 1.00 b	866.3 ± 22.56 B	7.85 ± 0.35 B b	0.97 ±0.04 B
	2014	1,136.9 ± 68.82 D c	1,140.8 ± 25.77 B a	9.44 ± 1.32 B a	0.74 ± 0.03 C
	2015	1,139.8 ± 41.38 C c	1,027.4 ± 30.38 B a	8.64 ± 2.03 B a	1.06 ±0.30