<i>Drosophila suzukii</i> population dynamics in vineyards and wine cultivars susceptibility

Brilinger, Dahise; Arioli, Cristiano João; Werner, Simone Silmara; Boff, Mari Inês Carissimi

doi:10.1590/0100-29452023989

Abstract

Grapes are not considered a good host for the spotted-wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukiiHowever, its damage results in qualitative and quantitative losses to the wine grapes berries. Knowing the D. suzukii population dynamics in vineyards and surrounding areas, as well as the wine cultivars susceptibility, can help winegrowers to carry out the management. The objective of this study was evaluate the D. suzukii population dynamics in the field, on the forest border present around the vineyard and in its interior and evaluate the susceptibility of the main wine cultivars for São Joaquim municipality to the attack of D. suzukii in laboratory. In the vineyard, D. suzukii was monitored from November 2018 to May 2021 with weekly inspections. Plastic pot traps with a red stripe baited with the Droskidrink attractant were used, distributed among the vines and around the vineyard. Monitoring data were correlated with regional climate variables. In laboratory, through non-choice and free-choice test, the susceptibility to D. suzukii damage was evaluated in Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc, Sangiovese, Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot berries. Intact and artificially injured berries were offered to adults in plastic screened cages for 24h. Afterwards, the number of punctures, eggs, emerged adults and the period of egg-adult development were evaluated. The data were analyzed in the R environment. Through monitoring, it was found that the presence of D. suzukii adults was higher in the forest border (762) in the surroundings compared to inside of the vineyard (128). The precipitation reduced the population of D. suzukii inside the vineyard, while the average and maximum temperatures promoted an increase in the population. In free choice tests, the cultivar Sangiovese was susceptible to the attack and development of D. suzukii. The cultivar Cabernet Sauvignon showed reduced egg-adult development time compared to the other tested cultivars in no-choice test.

Index terms
monitoring; spotted-wing-drosophila; Vitis vinifera

[1] Dahise Brilinger E-mail:dahisebrilinger@gmail.com

Season	Forest border
Season	Minimum	Maximum	Average	Median	SD¹
2018/19	3	762	102.50	37.0a	167.44
2019/20	0	320	046.04	16.5a	063.17
2020/21	0	402	048.27	28.0a	060.69
General	0	762	059.05	24.0	96.53
	Inside the vineyard
2018/19	0	103	24.26	15.5b	24.80
2019/20	0	64	13.66	06.0b	15.86
2020/21	0	128	17.94	10.0b	22.63
General	0	128	17.81	09.0	21.37

Season	Sex ratio (±SD¹)		Median	Confidence interval limits		p-value
Season	Forest	Vineyard	Median	Inferior	Superior	p-value
2018/19	0.41±0.19b	0.40±0.25^NS	0.0019	-0.0583	0.0603	0.9618
2019/20	0.46±0.22ab	0.46±0.25	-0.0178	-0.0707	0.0382	0.5155
2020/21	0.49±0.20a	0.44±0.27	0.0548	0.0020	0.1019	0.0410
General	0.46±0.21	0.44±0.26	0.0172	-0.0143	0.0484	0.2973

Variables evaluated	Climate variables	Estimates (±EP)	Explained variability (%)	p-value
Forest Border	Maximum temperature	732.44±75.96	11.61	2.5166x10^-19
Forest Border	Rainfall	-000.04±00.01	12.46	1.7864x10^-11
Vineyard	Average temperature	192.08±19.75	15.73	1.3701x10^-19
	Rainfall	-000.01±00.00	02.43	2.2748x10^-08
	Relative humidity	-034.54±06.90	06.34	9.5972x10^-07

Berry with no damage and bioassay with non-choice
Cultivar	Punctures g ^-1	Eggs g ^-1	Females g ^-1	Males g ^-1	Embryonic viability (%)	Egg-Adult Time (days)	Sex ratio
Sauvignon Blanc	0.80±0.23 ^NS	0.44±0.15^NS	0.13±0.05^NS	0.10±0.04^NS	44.42±13.23^NS	14.43±01.27a	0.63±0.07ab
Chardonnay	1.05±0.31	1.03±0.39	0.18±0.11	0.07±0.05	11.04±04.74	16.80±01.30 ab	0.74±0.08ab
Cabernet Franc	1.15±0.34	0.47±0.15	0.04±0.03	0.02±0.01	16.27±09.83	17.75±02.99 b	0.56±0.21ab
Sangiovese	0.78±0.19	0.66±0.15	0.10±0.02	0.02±0.01	21.46±06.14	16.12±02.83ab	0.79±0.07a
Cabernet Sauvignon	1.41±0.22	0.70±0.09	0.10±0.02	0.12±0.02	35.44±07.04	14.78±01.56 a	0.45±0.03b
p-value	0.3083	0.2511	0.2404	0.0499	0.3535	0.0059	0.0310
Berry with no damage and bioassay with free-choice
Sauvignon Blanc	1.14±0.37 ab	0.66±0.25 b	0.01±0.01 b	0.03±0.03 b	04.16±03.22 b	12.00±0.0**	0.33±0.00**
Chardonnay	0.34±0.20 b	0.37±0.15 b	0.02±0.01 b	0.02±0.01 b	04.76±03.68 b	16.00±0.0	0.50±0.00
Cabernet Franc	0.66±0.11 ab	0.37±0.14 b	0.00±0.00 b	0.02±0.02 b	02.38±01.84 b	18.00±0.0	0.00±0.00
Sangiovese	1.69±0.19 a	2.20±0.30 a	0.34±0.06 a	0.72±0.19 a	40.70±08.14 a	15.40±01.81	0.38±0.08
p-value	0.03952	0.0008	0.0004	0.0124	0.0021	-	-
Berry with damage and bioassay with non-choice
Sauvignon Blanc	-	5.44±0.86 ^NS	1.47±0.23 ^NS	1.66±0.05 bc	64.21±22.17 ab*	14.00±00.48 ab	0.62±0.05^NS
Chardonnay	-	4.45±0.80	0.93±0.22	1.72±0.04 b	35.76±06.67 ab	14.16±00.46 ab	0.66±0.05
Cabernet Franc	-	7.02±1.29	1.56±0.31	2.28±0.11 a	41.14±04.42 ab	15.33±00.38 b	0.56±0.09
Sangiovese	-	5.07±0.68	0.82±0.21	1.30±0.10 c	20.87±03.13 b	15.83±00.42 b	0.80±0.06
Cabernet Sauvignon	-	5.27±0.42	1.83±0.20	2.01±0.12 ab	66.91±08.32 a	13.00±00.00 a	0.55±0.04
p-value		0.3194	0.0479	<0.0001	0.0392	0.0043	0.0733

Cultivar*	^oBrix	TTA	pH	PR (N)	h^o	L
Sauvignon Blanc	19.50	119.16	3.07	5.49	106.61	39.14
Chardonnay	17.50	96.91	3.00	3.77	100.58	40.74
Cabernet Franc	20.90	131.96	3.07	5.68	285.46	27.19
Sangiovese	19.30	108.76	3.16	3.23	257.90	27.31
Cabernet Sauvignon	19.40	126.02	3.27	3.26	267.72	27.68

Brasil

Brasil

Drosophila suzukii population dynamics in vineyards and wine cultivars susceptibility

Dinâmica populacional de Drosophila suzukii em vinhedo e susceptibilidade de cultivares viníferas

Abstract