Demographic indicators in the incidence of Covid-19 in Santiago de Cuba

Abstract

Some researchers have used demographic indicators to estimate the number of people infected by COVID-19. The first goal of this study is to determine to what extent the incidence of cases of COVID-19 in the municipalities of the province of Santiago de Cuba can be explained by certain demographic indicators. The second goal is to construct a hierarchy of groups of municipalities according to the differentiated behavior of the selected demographic indicators. An ecological, exploratory, multi-group study was developed, comparing the nine municipalities of Santiago de Cuba province according to global level variables, supposedly related to the number of cases with COVID-19 confirmed from October 15, 2020 to January 16, 2021. Multiple linear regression analysis was applied to select the model that best described the behavior of the data and cluster analysis to visualize the grouping of the municipalities. A significant correlation was found between the number of cases with COVID-19, population density and urbanization level. On the other hand, in the regression model, only population density was significant when the nine municipalities were considered and the masculinity index, when the atypical municipality, Santiago de Cuba, was excluded. The masculinity index turned out to be a spurious variable conditioned by population density as a confounding variable. The cluster analysis revealed the formation of three groups of municipalities, with Santiago de Cuba being isolated from the rest of the municipalities.

Key words
COVID-19; Multiple linear regression; Cluster; Demographic indicators; Santiago de Cuba