Parental supervision and sexual behavior among Brazilian adolescents

Reis, Gleice Barbosa; Sousa, Marco Aurélio de; Andrade, Gisele Nepomuceno de; Malta, Deborah Carvalho; Machado, Ísis Eloah; Felisbino-Mendes, Mariana Santos

doi:10.1590/1980-549720230013.supl.1

Gleice Barbosa Reis

Conceptualization

Formal analysis

Investigation

Methodology

Visualization

Interpretation and Writing – first draft

Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Nursing School – Belo Horizonte (MG), Brazil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1937-3654

Marco Aurélio de Sousa

Conceptualization

Formal analysis

Investigation

Methodology

Visualization

Writing – first draft

Writing – revision and editing

Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Nursing School, Department of Maternal-Child Nursing and Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Nursing – Belo Horizonte (MG), Brazil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5224-0976

Gisele Nepomuceno de Andrade

Formal analysis

Research

Methodology

Validation

Visualization

Writing – revision and editing

Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Nursing School, Department of Maternal-Child Nursing and Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Nursing – Belo Horizonte (MG), Brazil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0433-8351

Deborah Carvalho Malta

Data curation

Funding acquisition

Project administration

Resources

Validation

Writing – revision and editing

Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Nursing School, Department of Maternal-Child Nursing and Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Nursing – Belo Horizonte (MG), Brazil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8214-5734

Ísis Eloah Machado

Formal analysis

Research

Methodology

Validation

Visualization

Writing – revision and editing

Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Department of Family, Mental and Collective Health, Postgraduate Program in Health and Nutrition – Ouro Preto (MG), Brazil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4678-2074

Mariana Santos Felisbino-Mendes CORRESPONDING AUTHOR: Mariana Santos Felisbino-Mendes. Avenida Alfredo Balena, 190, CEP: 30130-100, Santa Efigênia, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil. marianafelisbino@yahoo.com.br

Conceptualization

Formal analysis

Research

Methodology

Software

Supervision

Validation

Visualization

Writing – first draft

Writing – revision and editing

Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Nursing School, Department of Maternal-Child Nursing and Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Nursing – Belo Horizonte (MG), Brazil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5321-5708

CORRESPONDING AUTHOR: Mariana Santos Felisbino-Mendes. Avenida Alfredo Balena, 190, CEP: 30130-100, Santa Efigênia, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil. marianafelisbino@yahoo.com.br

CONFLICT OF INTERESTS: nothing to declare.

Variables	Question	Categorization	Score
Missing class without parental permission	IN THE PAST 30 DAYS, on how many days did you miss classes or school without permission from your parents or guardians?	Yes — 3 days or more in the last 30 days	0
Missing class without parental permission		No — 2 days or less in the last 30 days	1
Parents aware of free-time activities	IN THE PAST 30 DAYS, how often did your parent or guardian really know what you were doing in your free time?	Yes — most of the time or always	1
Parents aware of free-time activities		No — never, rarely, or sometimes	0
Parents check that homework has been done	IN THE PAST 30 DAYS, how often did your parents or guardians check that your homework was done?	Yes — most of the time or always	1
Parents check that homework has been done		No — never, rarely, or sometimes	0
Parents understand their problems and concerns	IN THE PAST 30 DAYS, how often did your parents or guardians understand your problems and concerns?	Yes — most of the time or always	1
Parents understand their problems and concerns		No — never, rarely, or sometimes	0
Parents present at meals often	Do you usually have lunch or dinner with your parents or guardian?	Yes — 5 or more days a week	1
Parents present at meals often		No — 4 or fewer days a week	0

Sexual behaviors		Total	Females	Males
Sexual behaviors		% (95%CI)	% (95%CI)	% (95%CI)
Sexual initiation (n= 101,566)				p<0.0001^* * Pearson's χ2 test
	Yes	27.5 (26.7–28.3)	19.6 (18.7–20.4)	35.9 (34.9–37.1)
	No	72.5 (71.7–73.3)	80.4 (79.6–81.3)	64.0 (63.0–65.1)
Used condom in 1st sexual intercourse (n=28,466)				p<0.0001^* * Pearson's χ2 test
	Yes	61.2(60.0–62.4)	68.7 (67.0–70.4)	56.8 (55.3–58.3)
	No	38.8 (37.6–40.0)	31.3 (29.6–33.0)	43.2 (41.7–44.7)
Used condom in the last sexual intercourse (n= 27,406)				p=0.019^* * Pearson's χ2 test
	Yes	68.6 (67.4–69.6)	66.9 (65.1–68.6)	69.6 (68.1–70.9)
	No	31.4 (30.4–32.6)	33.1 (31.4–34.9)	30.5 (29.1–31.9)
Used a contraceptive method in the last sexual intercourse (n= 24,863)				p<0.0001^* * Pearson's χ2 test
	Yes	44.0 (42.8–45.1)	46.8 (45.0–48.7)	42.1 (40.7–43.5)
	No	56.0 (54.9–57.2)	53.2 (51.3–55.0)	57.9 (56.5–59.3)
Number of partners (n= 28,401)				p<0.0001^ Student's t test
	Mean (±SE)	2.8 (2.7–2.8)	2.1 (2.0–2.1)	3.2 (3.2–3.3)

Parental supervision indicators		Total	Females	Males
Parental supervision indicators		% (95%CI)	% (95%CI)	% (95%CI)
Missing class without parental permission				p<0.001^* * Pearson's χ2 test.
	3x or more in the last 30 days	7.7 (7.2–8.2)	7.1 (6.5–7.8)	8.4 (7.8–9.0)
	2x or less in the last 30 days	92.3 (91.8–92.7)	92.9 (92.2–93.5)	91.6 (31.0–92.2)
Parents aware of free-time activities				p<0.001^* * Pearson's χ2 test.
	Rarely/never/sometimes	33.9 (33.2–34.5)	30.6 (29.8–31.4)	37.3 (36.5–38.1)
	Mostly/Always	66.1 (65.5–66.8)	69.4 (68.6–70.2)	62.7 (61.9–63.5)
Parents check that homework has been done				p<0.001^* * Pearson's χ2 test.
	Rarely/never/sometimes	68.2 (67.5–68.7)	70.1 (69.4–70.9)	66.1 (65.2–66.9)
	Mostly/Always	31.8 (31.2–32.4)	29.9 (29.1–30.6)	34.0 (33.1–34.8)
Parents understand their problems and concerns				p<0.001^* * Pearson's χ2 test.
	Rarely/never/sometimes	56.2 (55.5–56.8)	58.9 (58.1–59.7)	53.4 (52.4–54.4)
	Mostly/Always	43.8 (43.1–44.4)	41.1 (40.3–41.9)	46.6 (45.7–47.6)
Parents present at meals often				p<0.001^* * Pearson's χ2 test.
	4x or less during the week	26.0 (25.3–26.6)	29.2 (28.4–30.0)	22.5 (21.7–23.3)
	5x or more during the week	74.0 (73.4–74.7)	70.8 (70.0–71.6)	77.5 (76.7–78.3)
Supervision scorer				p<0.001^* * Pearson's χ2 test.
	0	1.3 (1.1–1.5)	1.4 (1.2–1.7)	1.1 (1.0–1.3)
	1	9.1 (8.8–9.5)	9.7 (9.3–10.2)	8.5 (8.1–9.0)
	2	22.7 (22.2–23.2)	22.6 (22.0–23.3)	22.7 (22.0–23.5)
	3	28.6 (28.1–29.1)	29.5 (28.8–30.2)	27.7 (26.9–28.4)
	4	23.6 (23.1–24.1)	23.1 (22.5–23.7)	24.2 (23.5–25.0)
	5	14.7 (14.2–15.1)	13.7 (13.1–14.2)	15.8 (15.1–16.4)

Parental supervision indicators		Sexual initiation	Condom in first intercourse	Condom in last intercourse	CM in last intercourse	N. of partners
Parental supervision indicators		% (95%CI)	% (95%CI)	% (95%CI)	% (95%CI)	Mean (95%CI)
Missing class without parental permission
	3x or more in the last 30 days	49.3 (47.1–51.6)^* * P value of Pearson's χ2 test <0.001; % population estimates; 95%CI: 95% confidence interval; CM: contraceptive method; N.: absolute number;	54.1 (51.1–57.1)^* * P value of Pearson's χ2 test <0.001; % population estimates; 95%CI: 95% confidence interval; CM: contraceptive method; N.: absolute number;	58.9 (55.8–62.0)^* * P value of Pearson's χ2 test <0.001; % population estimates; 95%CI: 95% confidence interval; CM: contraceptive method; N.: absolute number;	43.1 (39.3–47.1)	3.18 (3.04–3.33)
	2x or less in the last 30 days	25.7 (24.9–26.4)	62.3 (61.0–63.5)	70.0 (68.9–71.2)	44.1 (42.9–45.4)	2.73 (2.68–2.77)
Parents aware of free-time activities
	Rarely/never/sometimes	38.4 (37.2–39.6)^* * P value of Pearson's χ2 test <0.001; % population estimates; 95%CI: 95% confidence interval; CM: contraceptive method; N.: absolute number;	57.8 (56.2–59.5)^* * P value of Pearson's χ2 test <0.001; % population estimates; 95%CI: 95% confidence interval; CM: contraceptive method; N.: absolute number;	65.6 (64.0–67.2)^* * P value of Pearson's χ2 test <0.001; % population estimates; 95%CI: 95% confidence interval; CM: contraceptive method; N.: absolute number;	44.4 (42.7–46.0)	2.92 (2.86–2.98)
	Mostly/Always	21.9 (21.1–22.7)	64.1 (62.6–65.5)	71.1 (69.6–72.5)	43.7 (42.2–45.2)	2.67 (2.68–2.73)
Parents check that homework has been done
	Rarely/never/sometimes	28.3 (27.4–29.2)^* * P value of Pearson's χ2 test <0.001; % population estimates; 95%CI: 95% confidence interval; CM: contraceptive method; N.: absolute number;	58.3 (56.8–59.6)^* * P value of Pearson's χ2 test <0.001; % population estimates; 95%CI: 95% confidence interval; CM: contraceptive method; N.: absolute number;	64.9 (63.6–66.2)^* * P value of Pearson's χ2 test <0.001; % population estimates; 95%CI: 95% confidence interval; CM: contraceptive method; N.: absolute number;	41.8 (40.4–43.2)^* * P value of Pearson's χ2 test <0.001; % population estimates; 95%CI: 95% confidence interval; CM: contraceptive method; N.: absolute number;	2.76 (2.71–2.81)
	Mostly/Always	25.7 (24.8–26.7)	67.8 (65.9–69.6)	76.8 (75.0–78.5)	49.3 (47.3–51.2)	2.86 (2.79–2.93)
Parents understand their problems and concerns
	Rarely/never/sometimes	30.0 (29.0–30.9)^* * P value of Pearson's χ2 test <0.001; % population estimates; 95%CI: 95% confidence interval; CM: contraceptive method; N.: absolute number;	58.4 (56.9–59.9)^* * P value of Pearson's χ2 test <0.001; % population estimates; 95%CI: 95% confidence interval; CM: contraceptive method; N.: absolute number;	65.3 (63.8–66.6)^* * P value of Pearson's χ2 test <0.001; % population estimates; 95%CI: 95% confidence interval; CM: contraceptive method; N.: absolute number;	41.6(40.1–43.1)^* * P value of Pearson's χ2 test <0.001; % population estimates; 95%CI: 95% confidence interval; CM: contraceptive method; N.: absolute number;	2.75 (2.69–2.80)
	Mostly/Always	24.3 (23.3–25.2)	65.5 (63.9–67.1)	73.8 (72.2–75.3)	47.8 (46.1–49.5)	2.85 (2.80–2.91)
Parents present at meals often
	4x or less during the week	32.1 (30.9–33.2)^* * P value of Pearson's χ2 test <0.001; % population estimates; 95%CI: 95% confidence interval; CM: contraceptive method; N.: absolute number;	58.2 (56.4–59.9)^* * P value of Pearson's χ2 test <0.001; % population estimates; 95%CI: 95% confidence interval; CM: contraceptive method; N.: absolute number;	64.1 (62.2–65.8)^* * P value of Pearson's χ2 test <0.001; % population estimates; 95%CI: 95% confidence interval; CM: contraceptive method; N.: absolute number;	43.3 (41.4–45.2)	2.77 (2.69–2.85)
	5x or more during the week	25.9 (25.0–26.8)	62.5 (61.0–63.9)	70.5 (69.2–71.7)	44.3 (43.0–45.7)	2.80 (2.75–2.85)

Parental supervision		Sexual initiation	Condom in first intercourse	Condom in last intercourse	CM in last intercourse	N. of partners (β)
Supervision score (crude analysis)
	0	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.
	1	0.70 (0.63–0.78)	1.07 (0.92–1.26)	1.22 (1.04–1.43)	1.00 (0.83–1.23)	-0.37 (-0.69;-0.06)
	2	0.57 (0.52–0.63)	1.16 (1.00–1.34)	1.24 (1.06–1.45)	1.03 (0.86–1.24)	-0.41 (-0.72;-0.09)
	3	0.44 (0.39–0.49)	1.24 (1.07–1.44)	1.35 (1.16–1.58)	1.07 (0.88–1.29)	-0.51 (-0.81;-0.21)
	4	0.37 (0.33–0.41)	1.34 (1.15–1.56)	1.49 (1.28–1.74)	1.16 (0.96–1.40)	-0.54 (-0.84;-0.25)
	5	0.34 (0.31–0.39)	1.43 (1.22–1.66)	1.57 (1.35–1.84)	1.20 (0.99–1.46)	-0.35 (-0.66;-0.04)
Supervision score (adjusted analysis)^* * P value of Pearson's χ2 test <0.001; CM: contraceptive method; N.: absolute number;
	0	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.
	1	0.75 (0.68–0.84)	1.08 (0.93–1.27)	1.22 (1.04–1.43)	1.03 (0.84–1.25)	-0.40 (-0.69;-0.10)
	2	0.62 (0.56–0.69)	1.19 (1.03–1.38)	1.24 (1.06–1.45)	1.06 (0.88–1.28)	-0.50 (-0.80;-0.20)
	3	0.52 (0.47–0.58)	1.28 (1.10–1.48)	1.35 (1.16–1.59)	1.10 (0.90–1.33)	-0.59 (-0.88;-0.30)
	4	0.44 (0.39–0.48)	1.39 (1.20–1.61)	1.49 (1.28–1.74)	1.20 (0.99–1.45)	-0.66 (-0.94;-0.38)
	5	0.40 (0.36–0.45)	1.50 (1.29–1.75)	1.57 (1.34–1.84)	1.25 (1.03–1.53)	-0.54 (-0.84;-0.24)

[1] CORRESPONDING AUTHOR: Mariana Santos Felisbino-Mendes. Avenida Alfredo Balena, 190, CEP: 30130-100, Santa Efigênia, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil. marianafelisbino@yahoo.com.br

Brasil

Brasil

Parental supervision and sexual behavior among Brazilian adolescents

ABSTRACT

Objective:

Methods:

Results:

Conclusion: