This paper presents a theoretical background of the Family Health Strategy (ESF) and discusses its possible strengths and weaknesses. The text is based on a literature review with a defined search strategy and critical reflection on selected texts. An important point that is highlighted is the attempt to respond to the challenge of reorienting the health care model – in its political-operational dimension – which emerged in 1994 upon the Ministry of Health’s implementation of the PSF, which was subsequently considered the framework strategy for municipal health systems, the ESF. Some aspects indicate an advance made with the implementation of the ESF, underlining the reorganization of Primary Health Care, the space-time of home visits and the alterity and production of reception into Primary Health Care. Despite the undeniable advances made, its principles and practices are yet to become a complete reality in the everyday routine of health services, especially considering the challenge of understanding and practicing comprehensive Primary Health Care, the challenge of recovering and shaping the profile of ESF staff, the training, insertion and practices of the community health agent, and the difficulty in optimizing teamwork in ESF units.
Health System; Primary Health Care; Medical Education; The Family Health Strategy