This tutorial has the following purposes: 1) to summarize the importance of twin studies in Physical Education and Sport Sciences´ research; 2) to show the basic structure of twin designs; 3) the levels of descriptive analysis; 4) the steps of growing complexity in data analysis - from analysis of variance to structural equation modeling; 5) as well as the analysis of discordant intra-pair differences of monozygotic twin data. The steps of this long list of procedures will be illustrated in this tutorial using the phenotype leisure time physical activity with data from 207 monozygotic and dizygotic twin pairs. Commentaries and explanations will be provided in all steps of the analysis, highlighting the fact that the used phenotype is genetically accounted for 63% of the total variation.
Twins; Analysis of variance; Models; Physical activity
