Accessible Enem: Autonomy for the Person with Total Visual Impairment in the Brazilian High School National Examination

LERIA, Lucinda De Almeida; FILGUEIRAS, Lucia Vilela Leite; SILVA, Francisco José Fraga da; FERREIRA, Leonardo Alves

doi:10.1590/S1413-65382418000100009

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Research Report • Rev. bras. educ. espec. 24 (1) • Jan-Mar 2018 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S1413-65382418000100009 copy

Accessible Enem: Autonomy for the Person with Total Visual Impairment in the Brazilian High School National Examination² 2 Financial Support: Coordination of Improvement of Higher Education People (CAPES) - 24 months of master's degree and National Council of Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) - 12 months of Scientific Initiation scholarship.

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT:

Currently, for the visually impaired person to complete the Brazilian High School National Examination (called ENEM), adapted material and human assistance are available, the latter with the purpose of reading the test, template filling and piece of writing transcription. Consequently, the disabled person depends heavily on other people for completing the test. In this sense, the objective of this study is to identify the accessibility issues that exist in the current ENEM process and to present a solution that, through an application with digital accessibility called Accessible ENEM, enables the participation of the person with total visual impairment with autonomy in the examination. Based on the User Centered Design methodology and qualitative survey research, the application has been specified, constructed, and evaluated. The results of the study, which involved the participation of 33 people with total visual impairment in its various stages, demonstrate that the existing communication barriers may be eliminated with the use of the computer and the Accessible ENEM application, allowing people with visual impairment to complete the Higher Education entrance exam with autonomy and in equal conditions in relation to the other participants.

KEYWORDS:
Special Education; Blindness; High School National Examination

Publications / Sources	Contributions
Decree No. 6.949(2009)	It presents the concept of disability and accessibility as a right of the person with disability.
Decree No. 5.296 (2004)	It defines visual impairment and legitimizes accessibility in the area of communication and information.
Decree No. 13.146(2015)	It ensures the use of the computer and AT in university selective processes.
Decree No. 3.298(1999)	It regulates Special Education in Higher Education.
Law No. 9.394(1996)	It ensures the person with disability the right to attend common classes.
Constitution (Constituição da República Federativa do Brasil, 1988)	It defines discrimination on the grounds of disability and recognizes lawful forms of positive discrimination.
Technical Assistance Committee(Secretaria Especial dos Direitos Humanos, 2009)	It defines AT.

Resource	Description of resource use
Test in Braille	The exam is transcribed in Braille (text, mathematical formulas and drawings of simple figures). A private room, two readers and the 'Test of the reader', which is a test in ink with descriptions of the images, are made available with the test in Braille. Although the 'Braille Machine'¹ 1 'Braille Machine': A typewriter in Braille, which allows typing the text in Braille and prints in Braille and in Portuguese with the writing in ink. does not appear in the ENEM Official Publication as an available resource, the research reports indicate that four people used this resource for the writing test during the ENEM exam in 2010, 2013 and 2015, in the states of Minas Gerais, São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro. The participant is placed in a private room and receives the test in Braille with the drawings of the figures in high relief. In addition, he/she receives assistance of readers to help in reading, if they are requested, and to understand the images, whose descriptions are only in the 'Test of the reader'. The readers also act as transcribers to fill out the response card and transcribe the piece of writing by using ink. For transcription the participant must dictate the writing, spelling the accent marks, punctuation and special characters.
Reader assistance	Specialized reading service for people with disability. The readers act in pairs and have the 'Test of the reader'. The participant is placed in a private room and receives the assistance of readers to read the test and description of images. The readers alternate when reading. The 'Test of the reader' contains the description of illustrations, images, maps, tables and graphs. The readers also act as transcribers, as described in the previous item (Test in Braille).
Transcriptionassistance	Specialized service to fill out multiple choice and complete writing questions evidence for participants unable to write or fill in the response card. The participant is placed in a private room and receives the assistance of the transcribers to fill out the response card and transcribe the piece of writing by using ink. The transcribers act in pairs, often in partnership with the readers, as described in the item 'Test in Braille'. The transcriber does not receive the test of the reader.
Interpreter guide	A professional specialized in forms of communication and techniques of guidance, translation and interpretation to mediate the interaction between people with deafness/blindness, the test and the others involved in the application of the exam. Not enough information was found to describe the performance of the support of the guide-interpreter for deaf-blind people, in addition to the fact that the resource is applied in a private room.

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