Design and implementation of sequential fruit size sorting machine

Elkaoud, Nabil S. M.; Mahmoud, Ragab K.

doi:10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v26n10p722-728

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Articles • Rev. bras. eng. agríc. ambient. 26 (10) • Oct 2022 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v26n10p722-728 copy

Design and implementation of sequential fruit size sorting machine¹ 1 Research developed at Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch/Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Assiut, Egypt

Projeto e implementação de uma máquina sequencial de classificação por tamanho de frutas

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

HIGHLIGHTS:

It is very desirable for farmers and traders to promote the marketing of a machine that is capable of sorting different fruits.

The machine is very useful for mechanical sorting, thus it can replace manual sorting.

Providing simple and cheap fruit sorting technology reduces packaging and transportation costs.

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to develop a simple and easy to construct fruits size sorting machine. The sorting machine was designed to sort oranges, apples, and yellow plums in small, medium, large, and extra-large size groups based on physical and mechanical properties including axial dimensions, arithmetic mean diameter, sphericity, mass, volume, projected area, and frictional characteristics (coefficient of static friction) against two structural surfaces of the sorting machine (galvanized iron and rubber). The maximum sorting efficiency of the machine was 98% at 20 rpm for plums. Whereas the minimum fruit sorting efficiency of the machine at 25 rpm was 76% for apple fruits. The sorting efficiency of the machine increased with increasing sphericity ratio of fruits. The sorting machine productivity was 280, 250, and 212 kg h^-1 for sorting oranges, apples, and plums, respectively. It is recommended that the machine should be operated at three slope angles of the sorting unit 20º, 15º, and 10º for oranges, apples, and plums, respectively. These angles correspond to the coefficient of static friction of the tested fruit.

Key words:
development; oranges; apples; plums; postharvest technology

The fruits	Properties	Min.	Max.	Mean	SD	CV%
Oranges	L, mm	59	89.2	71.9	8.3	11.6
	W, mm	56.5	85.6	67.9	7.6	11.2
	T, mm	52.1	83.9	66	7.2	10.9
	Da, mm	56	85.9	68.6	7.6	11.2
	Ø, %	86.8	99.1	95.4	5.1	5.3
	M, g	126	220	192.3	20.4	10.6
	V_t, cm³	92.3	311.7	196.9	31.1	15.3
	A_p, cm²	38.9	71.5	52.2	9.6	17.3
	μ for galvanized iron	0.2	0.33	0.3	0.05	10.1
	μ for Rubber	0.3	0.37	0.4	0.08	13.8
Apples	L, mm	51.6	93.7	74.5	12.3	12.1
	W, mm	45.7	77.5	62.1	9.4	12.9
	T, mm	44	76	58.9	7.2	12.2
	Da, mm	48.9	81.3	65.2	9.9	13.2
	Ø, %	86.8	98.5	87.3	7.4	5.8
	M, g	55	135	107.5	19.5	10.8
	V_t, cm³	78.6	288.5	165.9	36.2	18.9
	A_p, cm²	39.6	73.8	55.3	10.8	15.5
	μ for galvanized iron	0.2	0.26	0.2	0.04	9.1
	μ for Rubber	0.21	0.3	0.28	0.06	11.8
Plums	L, mm	21.6	39.5	30.9	6.4	20.8
	W, mm	21	39.1	30.2	6.3	21.1
	T, mm	21	38.2	29.9	7.2	24.1
	Da, mm	21.3	38.9	30.3	6.4	21
	Ø, %	86.8	99.8	98	5.1	5.2
	M, g	14.8	29	17.6	2.9	16.3
	V_t, cm³	5.4	30.7	16.5	9.24	25
	A_p, cm²	3.5	13.42	8.5	3.52	21
	μ for galvanized iron	0.14	0.16	0.15	0.04	9.1
	μ for Rubber	0.16	0.18	0.17	0.04	9.2

Fruits	Sorting process		Four classes according to the true volume (cm³)
			Large-sized	< 110	110-210	210-310	> 310
			Small-sized	< 5.6	5.6-14	14-28	> 28
Oranges	Manually		N_t	14	56	28	2
	Mechanically at three rotational speeds of the sorting unit (rpm)	15	N_t	12	49	33	6
			Nt_m	18
			E (%)	82
		20	N_t	18	51	30	1
			Nt_m	12
			E (%)	88
		25	N_t	20	58	22	0
			Nt_m	14
			E (%)	86
Apples	Manually		N_t	38	35	27	0
	Mechanically at three rotational speeds of the sorting unit(rpm)	15	N_t	29	33	31	7
			Nt_m	22
			E (%)	78
		20	Nt_m	30	44	25	1
			Nt_m	20
			E, %	80
		25	Nt_m	44	41	15	0
			Nt_m	24
			E (%)	76
Plums	Manually		Nt_m	23	19	34	24
	Mechanically at three rotational speeds of the sorting unit, (rpm)	15	Nt_m	20	17	35	28
			Nt_m	10
			E (%)	90
		20	Nt_m	22	19	35	24
			Nt_m	2
			E (%)	98
		25	Nt_m	24	19	37	20
			Nt_m	8
			E (%)	92

Unidade Acadêmica de Engenharia Agrícola Unidade Acadêmica de Engenharia Agrícola, UFCG, Av. Aprígio Veloso 882, Bodocongó, Bloco CM, 1º andar, CEP 58429-140, Campina Grande, PB, Brasil, Tel. +55 83 2101 1056 - Campina Grande - PB - Brazil
E-mail: revistagriambi@gmail.com

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[1] * Corresponding author - E-mail: nabilelkaoud.50@azhar.edu.eg

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Design and implementation of sequential fruit size sorting machine1 1 Research developed at Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch/Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Assiut, Egypt

Projeto e implementação de uma máquina sequencial de classificação por tamanho de frutas

HIGHLIGHTS:

ABSTRACT

Design and implementation of sequential fruit size sorting machine¹ 1 Research developed at Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch/Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Assiut, Egypt