Leaching of salts and production of sour passion fruit irrigated with low- and high-salinity water

Nunes, Járisson C.; Lima Neto, Antonio J. de; Cavalcante, Lourival F.; Pereira, Walter E.; Gheyi, Hans R.; Lima, Geovani S. de; Oliveira, Flaviano F. de; Nunes, Juliete A. da S.

doi:10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v27n5p393-399

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Articles • Rev. bras. eng. agríc. ambient. 27 (5) • May 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v27n5p393-399 copy

Leaching of salts and production of sour passion fruit irrigated with low- and high-salinity water¹ 1 Research developed at Macaquinhos Farm, Remígio, PB, Brazil

Lixiviação de sais e produção de maracujazeiro irrigado com água de baixa e alta salinidade

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

HIGHLIGHTS:

Incorporation of biofertilizer contributes to increasing soil pH in the dry period.

Irrigation with water of 4.0 dS m^-1 increases the saline character of the soil from moderately to strongly saline.

Leaching fraction of 10% was not sufficient to avoid salt accumulation, even in sandy soil.

ABSTRACT

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of irrigation with low- and high-salinity water on the increment of salts in the soil, the production components of sour passion fruit and the leaching of salts by rainfall and by leaching fraction of 10%. The treatments were arranged in randomized blocks, in a split-plot scheme, corresponding to three irrigation management practices [evaluation of soil chemical attributes before irrigation; and after irrigation with water of low electrical conductivity (0.35 dS m^-1), and high electrical conductivity (4.00 dS m^-1) in the main plot], and in the subplot two soil depths of evaluation (0-20 and 20-40 cm) and three soil sampling times (at 115 days after transplanting of seedlings (DAT) - beginning of flowering; at 199 DAT - end of the dry season; and at 379 DAT - end of the rainy season). Irrigation increased the electrical conductivity of the soil saturation extract, with higher values in the surface layer and at the end of the dry season. Rainfall during the rainy season reduced the saline character of soil from moderately saline and strongly saline, in treatments irrigated with water of low and high electrical conductivity, to non-saline and slightly saline, respectively. Irrigation with high-electrical conductivity water negatively affected the production components and yield of sour passion fruit.

Key words:
Passiflora edulis Sims; salt stress; yield

Chemical attributes	0-20 cm	20-40 cm	Physical attributes	0-20 cm	20-40 cm
EC_se at 25 °C (dS m^-1)	0.43	0.29	Soil bulk density (kg dm^-3)	1.61	1.59
pH (H₂O)	6.93	6.67	Particle density (kg dm^-3)	2.66	2.65
Ca²⁺ (mmol_c L^-1)	0.87	0.72	Total porosity (m³ m^-3)	0.39	0.40
Mg²⁺ (mmol_c L^-1)	0.78	0.55	Sand (g kg^-1)	847	821
Na⁺ (mmol_c L^-1)	2.11	1.32	Silt (g kg^-1)	102	124
K⁺ (mmol_c L^-1)	0.56	0.34	Clay (g kg^-1)	51	55
Cl^- (mmol_c L^-1)	2.66	1.93	WDC (g kg^-1)	13	13
CO₃^2- (mmol_c L^-1)	0.00	0.00	DF (%)	74.5	76.4
HCO^-₃ (mmolc L^-1)	0.89	0.61	DI (%)	25.5	23.6
SO^2-₄ (mmol_c L^-1)	0.67	0.31	Ufc (g kg^-1)	98.1	99.1
SARse (mmol L^-1)^0.5	2.32	1.66	Upwp (g kg^-1)	43	45
ESP (%)	1.59	1.54	AW (g kg^-1)	55.1	54.1
Classification	NS	NS	Textural classification	Loamy sand	Loamy sand

Soil depths (cm)	pH_H₂O	P	K⁺	Na⁺	H⁺ + Al³⁺	Al³⁺	Ca²⁺	Mg²⁺	SB	CEC	V (%)	OM (g kg^-1)
Soil depths (cm)	pH_H₂O	(mg dm^-3)		(cmol_c dm^-3)							V (%)	OM (g kg^-1)
0-20	6.00	23.51	81.34	0.07	1.32	0	2.45	0.35	3.08	4.40	70.00	6.41
21-40	6.21	12.06	76.04	0.07	1.48	0	2.20	0.60	3.05	4.54	67.18	4.14

Variables	Type of water		Bovine biofertilizer (Pure)
Variables	LSW	HSW	Bovine biofertilizer (Pure)
pH	6.12	6.25	7.68
EC_iw (dS m^-1)	0.35	4.00	4.55
SAR (mmol L^-1)^0.5	1.57	12.83	1.92
Ca²⁺ (mmol_c L^-1)	1.19	2.51	10.26
Mg²⁺(mmol_c L^-1)	0.59	7.92	13.02
Na⁺ (mmol_c L^-1)	1.48	29.31	6.56
K⁺ (mmol_c L^-1)	0.19	0.38	15.53
SC (mmol_c L^-1)	3.45	40.12	45.37
CO₃^2- (mmol_c L^-1)	Absent	0.11	Absent
HCO₃^- (mmol_c L^-1)	0.54	2.85	6.79
Cl^- (mmol_c L^-1)	2.51	36.56	32.02
SO₄^2- (mmol_c L^-1)	0.36	0.24	6.67
SA (mmol_c L^-1)	3.41	39.65	45.48
Classification (Richards, 1954)	C1S1	C4S1

Source of variation	DF	Mean squares
Source of variation	DF	pH_sp	EC_se
Blocks	2	0.590^ns	0.375^ns
Irrigation management (I)	2	2.057^ns	111.407**
Residual (a)	4	0.437	0.0952
Depth (D)	1	0.433**	11.592**
Interaction I × D	2	0.651**	2.149**
Time (T)	2	3.286**	37.032**
Interaction I × T	4	0.932**	12.857**
Interaction D × T	2	0.164^ns	0.902**
Interaction I × D × T	4	0.271**	0.428**
Residual (b)	30	0.056	0.007
Total	53
CV (a) - %		10.24	10.63
CV (b) - %		3.68	3.07

Soil depth (cm)	Evaluation times
	115 DAT (Beginning of flowering)			199 DAT (End of the dry season)			379 DAT (End of the rainy season)
	BI	LSW	HSW	BI	LSW	HSW	BI	LSW	HSW
	pH_sp
0-20	6.93 aAα	6.57 aAα	6.97 aAα	6.93 aAα	5.62 bBβ	6.50 aBα	6.93 aAα	5.59 bAβ	5.28 bBβ
20-40	6.67 aAα	6.94 aAα	6.93 aAα	6.67 aAα	6.57 aAα	6.99 aAα	6.67 aAα	5.44 cAβ	6.05 bAβ
	EC_se (dS m^-1)
0-20	0.43 cAα	3.47 bAβ	6.44 aAβ	0.43 cAα	5.28 bAα	9.19 aAα	0.43 cAα	2.11 bAγ	2.52 aAγ
20-40	0.29 cAα	2.33 bBβ	5.43 aBβ	0.29 cAα	3.74 bBα	6.57 aBα	0.29 cAα	1.18 bBγ	1.84 aBγ

EC_iw (dS m^-1)	NF (fruits per plant)	AFM (g per fruit)	PP (kg per plant)	YLD (t ha^-1)
0.35	112.25 ± 2.75	403.35 ± 3.32	22.15 ± 0.59	36.92 ± 0.99
4.00	99.00 ± 12.10	384.51 ± 7.06	18.94 ± 2.22	31.57 ± 3.7
Mean	105.63	393.93	20.54	34.25

Unidade Acadêmica de Engenharia Agrícola Unidade Acadêmica de Engenharia Agrícola, UFCG, Av. Aprígio Veloso 882, Bodocongó, Bloco CM, 1º andar, CEP 58429-140, Campina Grande, PB, Brasil, Tel. +55 83 2101 1056 - Campina Grande - PB - Brazil
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[1] * Corresponding author - E-mail: limanetoagro@hotmail.com

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Leaching of salts and production of sour passion fruit irrigated with low- and high-salinity water1 1 Research developed at Macaquinhos Farm, Remígio, PB, Brazil

Lixiviação de sais e produção de maracujazeiro irrigado com água de baixa e alta salinidade

HIGHLIGHTS:

ABSTRACT

Leaching of salts and production of sour passion fruit irrigated with low- and high-salinity water¹ 1 Research developed at Macaquinhos Farm, Remígio, PB, Brazil