HIGHLIGHTS:
High-salinity water did not limit CO2 assimilation rate and yield of yellow passion fruit in soil with plastic film.
Yellow passion fruit grafted on Passiflora cincinnata showed low yield.
Under salt stress, the highest yield was observed in yellow passion fruit propagated by seed in soil with plastic mulching.
ABSTRACT
Irrigation with saline water is one of the main factors that limit gas exchange and yield of yellow passion fruit in the semi-arid region of Brazil. The use of wild species of Passiflora ssp. tolerant to salinity as a rootstock and the application of mulching with plastic film can attenuate the effects of salt stress. The objective of present study was to evaluate the application of plastic film mulching and irrigation with saline water on the gas exchange and yield of yellow passion fruit grafted on P. cincinnata. The experiment was carried out under field conditions, from September 2019 to February 2021, in a 2 × (2 × 2) factorial scheme, in randomized blocks, in split plots and four replications. The treatments were related to irrigation with low-salinity (0.5 dS m-1) and high-salinity (4.5 dS m-1) water in yellow passion fruit plants, accession ‘Guinezinho’, propagated by seed and grafted on Passiflora cincinnata in the soil without and with plastic mulching. Irrigation with 4.5 dS m-1 water reduced gas exchange and yield of yellow passion fruit, but did not affect plants in the plastic mulched soil. Yellow passion fruit grafted on P. cincinnata showed increases in CO2 assimilation rate, but it was not reflected in fruit yield. For cultivation under high salinity conditions (4.5 dS m-1), it is recommended to use yellow passion fruit propagated by seeds in the soil with plastic film mulching.
Key words:
Passiflora edulis flavicarpa Deneger; water salinity; grafting; soil protection; physiology
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Vertical bar represents the standard error of the mean (n = 4). For the same treatment means with the same lowercase letter indicate no significant difference (p > 0.05) for soil without and with plastic mulching (A, C D, E and F) or for irrigation with low-salinity and high-salinity water (B). For the similar treatment with the same uppercase letter indicate no significant difference (p > 0.05) for irrigation with low and high-salinity water (A, C and E) or between seed propagation and grafting (B, D and F). CV1 - Coefficient of variation of the plot and CV2 - Coefficient of variation of the subplots
Vertical bar represents the standard error of the mean (n = 4). For the same treatment means with the same lowercase letter indicate no significant difference (p > 0.05) for soil without and with plastic mulching, means with the same uppercase letter indicate no significant difference (p > 0.05) for seed propagation and grafting and means with the same Greek letter indicate no difference for irrigation with low and high-salinity water (A and B). Means with the same lowercase letter indicate no significant difference (p > 0.05) for soil without and with plastic mulching for the same treatment and means with the same uppercase letter indicate no significant difference (p>0.05) for irrigation with low and high-salinity water (C). CV1 - Coefficient of variation of the plot and CV2 - Coefficient of variation of the subplots
Vertical bar represents the standard error of the mean (n = 4). For the same treatment means with the same lowercase letter indicate no significant difference (p > 0.05) for soil without and with plastic mulching, means with the same uppercase letter indicate no significant difference (p > 0.05) for seed propagation and grafting for the same type of mulch, and means with the same Greek letter indicate no significant differences (p > 0.05) for irrigation with low and high-salinity water. CV1 - Coefficient of variation of the plot and CV2 - Coefficient of variation of the subplots