Sowing date changes phenological development, plastochron index, and grain yield of soybeans under Cerrado conditions

Bossolani, João W.; Meneghette, Hugo H. A.; Sanches, Izabela R.; Santos, Fabiana L. dos; Parra, Lucas F.; Lazarini, Edson

doi:10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v26n7p488-494

Acessibilidade / Reportar erro

Brasil

Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental

Español English

Brasil

Español English

sumário « anterior atual seguinte »

Sumário

Articles • Rev. bras. eng. agríc. ambient. 26 (7) • July 2022 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v26n7p488-494 copy

Sowing date changes phenological development, plastochron index, and grain yield of soybeans under Cerrado conditions¹ 1 Research developed at Selvíria, MS, Brazil

Épocas de semeadura alteram o desenvolvimento fenológico, índice de plastocrono e produtividade de soja em condições de Cerrado

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

HIGHLIGHTS:

Delayed sowing causes detrimental effects on the development and grain yield of extra-early and early cycle cultivars of soybeans.

Delayed sowing increased the plastochron index and reduced the crop cycle and growth of soybean cultivars.

In the region of Selvíria-MS, sowing in November was the most suitable for soybean.

ABSTRACT

The sowing date is a crop management practice that affects soybean development and grain yield, and is directly related to the genotype and cycle type. Our objective was to evaluate phenological development as a function of photoperiodic responses, plastrochron index, and grain yield in three soybean cultivars with different growth cycles sown on three sowing dates. The study was conducted in Selvíria, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil, using a split-plot design with the main plots arranged in blocks with four replications. The main plots included three sowing dates, 15 days apart, beginning on November 15, and the subplots were composed of three cultivars: BMX Turbo RR (extra-early cycle), BMX Potência RR (early cycle), and TMG 1180 RR (medium cycle). Delayed sowing increased the plastochron index and reduced the growth cycle duration, plant height, node number of the main stem, and pod number per plant. We found that cultivars with longer cycles were more suitable for delayed sowing, had improved vegetative and reproductive development, and had higher grain yields than those with shorter periods. The second sowing date was most suitable for soybean cultivation in this region.

Key words:
photoperiod; Glycine max L.; phenological stages; delayed sowing

Cultivar	Sowing dates	Phenological subperiods						GDD
Cultivar	Sowing dates	S to VE	VE to R₁	R₁ to R_5.1	R_5.1 to R₇	R₇ to R₈	S to R₈	Up to R₁	Up to R₇
First growing season
BMX Turbo RR	1^st	7	31	16	37	14	105	817	1419
	2^nd	6	31	18	34	9	98	736	1356
	3^rd	6	28	16	32	11	93	690	1225
BMX Potência RR	1^st	7	32	15	51	13	118	831	1539
	2^nd	6	29	16	48	12	111	768	1504
	3^rd	6	27	16	45	10	104	895	1536
TMG 1180 RR	1^st	7	41	30	58	8	144	1210	1842
	2^nd	6	37	26	53	12	134	1329	1989
	3^rd	7	31	17	52	12	119	1042	1909
Second growing season
BMX Turbo RR	1^st	7	31	16	37	14	105	793	1617
	2^nd	6	30	18	36	8	98	736	1518
	3^rd	6	30	14	31	9	88	656	1200
BMX Potência RR	1^st	7	32	15	56	16	126	781	1753
	2^nd	6	29	16	50	23	124	735	1535
	3^rd	6	27	16	45	10	104	670	1501
TMG 1180 RR	1^st	7	41	30	62	14	154	1007	1690
	2^nd	7	34	26	56	14	137	904	1586
	3^rd	7	28	19	53	10	117	952	1587

Treatments	Plastochron index (°C day node^-1)
Treatments	First growing season	Second growing season
Sowing dates (SD)
1^st	122.0 a^†	101.6 a
2^nd	120.0 a	91.2 b
3^rd	109.4 b	87.5 c
LSD	2.1	1.5
Cycle (C)
Extra-early	116.0 b	84.5 c
Early	98.6 c	89.7 b
Medium	138.5 a	106.1 a
LSD	2.9	1.1
F test
p value (SD)	< 0.001	< 0.001
p value (C)	< 0.001	< 0.001
p value (SD × C)	< 0.001	< 0.001
CV (%) plot	1.39	1.21
CV (%) split-plot	2.44	1.13

Cultivar (C)	Sowing dates (SD)			LSD
Cultivar (C)	1^st	2^nd	3^rd	LSD
	First growing season			4.4
C1	121.9 bA^†	116.2 bB	109.89 bC
C2	105.2 cA	95.2 cB	90.1 cC
C3	138.9 aA	148.5 aB	128.2 aC
LSD	5.1
	Second growing season			1.9
C1	92.6 cA	83.3 bB	77.5 cC
C2	101.0 bA	84.0 bB	84.0 bB
C3	111.1 aA	106.4 aB	101.0 aC
LSD	1.8

Treatments	PH	IHFP	NNP	NLBP
Treatments	(cm)		NNP	NLBP
	First growing season
Sowing dates (SD)
1^st	90.2 a^†	15.8 a	19.3 a	2.5 a
2^nd	83.7 a	14.2 a	18.4 a	2.3 a
3^rd	81.8 a	13.5 a	19.6 a	2.2 a
LSD	9.9	3.6	1.4	0.9
Cycle (C)
Extra-early	73.0 c	11.4 b	17.0 c	2.4 a
Early	85.3 b	15.8 a	19.4 b	2.6 a
Medium	97.5 a	16.2 a	20.9 a	2.0 a
LSD	8.2	2.2	1.3	0.7
F test
p value (SD)	0.1563	0.3015	0.1428	0.6453
p value (C)	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.1209
p value (SD × C)	0.6532	0.1033	0.0675	0.3682
CV (%) plot	8.86	19.04	5.58	18.10
CV (%) split-plot	9.39	14.67	6.54	13.49
	Second growing season
Sowing dates (SD)
1^st	80.3 a	14.6 a	19.6 a	3.15 a
2^nd	82.0 a	11.3 b	19.8 a	3.66 a
3^rd	66.5 b	10.7 b	17.5 b	2.5 b
LSD	1.7	1.9	1.0	0.54
Cycle (C)
Extra-early	57.0 c	8.4 c	15.9 c	3.65 a
Early	73.8 b	12.0 b	17.9 b	3.15 a
Medium	98.1 a	16.2 a	23.1 a	2.51 b
LSD	5.4	1.3	1.3	0.6
F test
p value (SD)	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.0032	0.0099
p value (C)	< 0.001	0.0047	< 0.001	0.0020
p value (SD × C)	0.1860	0.0855	0.6082	0.6804
CV (%) plot	2.30	15.51	5.69	16.81
CV (%) split-plot	8.28	12.67	8.16	13.60

Treatments	ADM (Mg ha^-1)	NPP	100GW (g)	GY (Mg ha^-1)
	First growing season
Sowing dates (SD)
1^st	3.88 a^†	62 ab	13.83 b	2.84 a
2^nd	3.63 b	66 a	13.94 b	2.97 a
3^rd	3.62 b	50 b	14.95 a	2.13 b
LSD	0.08	15	0.81	0.24
Cycle (C)
Extra-early	3.29 b	55 a	15.58 a	2.12 c
Early	3.93 a	62 a	13.91 b	3.24 a
Medium	3.90 a	62 a	13.23 b	2.57 b
LSD	0.10	9	0.87	0.19
F test
p value (SD)	< 0.001	0.0449	0.0270	< 0.001
p value (C)	< 0.001	0.1626	< 0.001	< 0.001
p value (SD × C)	0.1898	0.1588	< 0.001	0.0430
CV (%) plot	1.84	19.32	5.68	9.04
CV (%) split-plot	2.77	14.68	7.12	8.67
	Second growing season
Sowing dates (SD)
1^st	3.12 a	54 ab	14.33 ab	2.82 b
2^nd	3.19 a	67 a	13.97 b	3.82 a
3^rd	3.21 a	50 b	14.44 a	2.33 c
LSD	0.63	13	0.44	0.30
Cycle (C)
Extra-early	3.19 a	44 b	16.68 a	2.68 b
Early	3.42 a	63 a	13.34 b	3.28 a
Medium	2.92 a	63 a	12.72 b	3.01 a
LSD	0.68	14	0.63	0.31
F test
p value (SD)	0.3223	0.0121	< 0.001	0.0027
p value (C)	0.9199	0.0488	0.0496	< 0.001
p value (SD × C)	0.1597	0.5534	0.0170	< 0.001
CV (%) plot	19.97	22.87	3.1	15.43
CV (%) split-plot	15.32	13.92	5.21	12.17

Cultivar (C)	Sowing dates (SD)			LSD
Cultivar (C)	1^st	2^nd	3^rd	LSD
	100GW (g) - First growing season			1.39
C1	13.86 aB†	14.68 aB	18.21 aA
C2	13.42 aA	13.20 aA	13.01 bA
C3	14.22 aA	13.96 aA	13.56 bA
LSD	1.51
	GY (Mg ha^-1) - First growing season			0.34
C1	2.33 bA	2.51 cA	1.50 cB
C2	3.63 aA	3.47 aA	2.62 aB
C3	2.55 bB	2.92 bA	2.26 bC
LSD	0.34
	100GW (g) - Second growing season			0.96
C1	16.30 aB	16.22 aB	17.52 aA
C2	13.96 cA	12.52 bB	13.54 cA
C3	12.75 bA	13.17 bA	12.25 bA
LSD	1.10
	GY (Mg ha^-1) - Second growing season			0.50
C1	1.92 cB	4.47 aA	1.67 bB
C2	2.93 bB	4.02 aA	2.88 aB
C3	3.62 aA	2.96 bB	2.45 aC
LSD	0.53

Unidade Acadêmica de Engenharia Agrícola Unidade Acadêmica de Engenharia Agrícola, UFCG, Av. Aprígio Veloso 882, Bodocongó, Bloco CM, 1º andar, CEP 58429-140, Campina Grande, PB, Brasil, Tel. +55 83 2101 1056 - Campina Grande - PB - Brazil
E-mail: revistagriambi@gmail.com

Acompanhe os números deste periódico no seu leitor de RSS

[1] * Corresponding author - E-mail: edson.lazarini@unesp.br

Brasil

Brasil

Sowing date changes phenological development, plastochron index, and grain yield of soybeans under Cerrado conditions1 1 Research developed at Selvíria, MS, Brazil

Épocas de semeadura alteram o desenvolvimento fenológico, índice de plastocrono e produtividade de soja em condições de Cerrado

HIGHLIGHTS:

ABSTRACT

Sowing date changes phenological development, plastochron index, and grain yield of soybeans under Cerrado conditions¹ 1 Research developed at Selvíria, MS, Brazil