Leaching and availability of potassium in soil affected by conventional and coated fertilizer sources¹

Lixiviação e disponibilidade de potássio no solo afetadas por fontes de fertilizantes convencionais e revestidos

HIGHLIGHTS:

The soil K concentration decreased by 26.5% in the absence of potassium fertilization.

Coated fertilizer sources increased the availability and leaching of K into the soil.

KCl coating increased the soil K availability and leaching.

ABSTRACT

The use of coated fertilizers is a strategy for improving fertilization efficiency and crop yield. However, further studies are needed to understand the dynamics of different types of coated K fertilizers in the soil. The objective of this study was to evaluate K dynamics in soil columns after the application of conventional KCl and other K sources with coating (KCl-C) and compaction (KCl-CC) combined with the use of additives and polymers. The experiment comprised four treatments, consisting of three sources of K [conventional KCl, KCl coated with additives and polymers (KCl-C), and KCl compacted and coated with additives and polymers (KCl-CC)], and a control without K application, with four repetitions. The K concentration was evaluated in the leached solution collected from the soil columns for 28 days. After this period, the K concentration in the soil was determined. The absence of K fertilization in the soil led to a 26.5% reduction in the K concentration. The coated sources had lower granule hardness and higher K leaching than conventional KCl. The amounts of K leached were 62.2%, 68.5%, and 54.0% for KCl-CC, KCl-C, and conventional KCl, respectively. However, at the end of the experiment, the soil K concentration was higher under the KCl-C treatment.

Key words:
potassium fertilizers; potassium fertilization; potassium chloride; polymers