Cattle manure and humic substances stimulate morphophysiological and nutritional processes in pepper plants

Silva, Ramon F. da; Dias, Thiago J.; Dias, Bruno de O.; Silva, Toshik I. da; Alves, Júlio C. G.; Silva, Rogério F. da; Bezerra, Ana C.; Silva, João H. B. da; Nascimento, Marlene P. do; Lopes, Adriano S.; Silva, Adjair J. da; Nascimento, Rodolpho J. de A.

doi:10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v28n4e278898

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Original Article • Rev. bras. eng. agríc. ambient. 28 (4) • Apr 2024 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v28n4e278898 copy

Cattle manure and humic substances stimulate morphophysiological and nutritional processes in pepper plants¹ 1 Research developed at Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Areia, PB, Brazil

Esterco bovino e substâncias húmicas estimulam a morfofisiologia e a nutrição em pimentão

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Species of the genus Capsicum, especially peppers, are economically important and widely consumed worldwide. The application of animal waste as organic fertilizer is a simple and cost-effective technique for applying nutrients to the soil. Combining cattle manure with humic substances can stimulate plant metabolism, resulting in increased nutrient absorption and assimilation. Therefore, the objective in this study was to evaluate doses of cattle manure combined with humic substances for stimulating plant metabolism and morphophysiological and nutritional processes in pepper plants. A randomized block design with four replicates was used, in a 4×3 factorial arrangement consisting of four cattle manure doses (8, 18, 28, and 38 Mg ha^-1) and three humic substance doses (0, 8, and 12 kg ha^-1). Humic substances (12 kg ha^-1) enhanced gas exchange, increasing net photosynthesis (34.2%), stomatal conductance (12.7%), instantaneous water use efficiency (15.87%), instantaneous carboxylation efficiency (37.37%), and absorbed energy conversion efficiency (23.53%). Cattle manure adequately met the crop’s nutritional requirements, while humic substances increased the number and thickness of plant root hairs. The most effective combination to increase photosynthetic activity in pepper plants was 38 Mg ha^-1 of cattle manure combined with 8 kg ha^-1 of humic substances. Humic substances stimulated positive morphophysiological responses in organic pepper crops, which resulted in increased production.

Key words:
Capsicum annuum ; biostimulant; organic input; fertilizer

HIGHLIGHTS:

Humic substances stimulate the growth of pepper roots.

Applying humic substances increases photosynthetic efficiency in pepper plants.

Combining cattle manure with humic substances is a promising alternative to the use of mineral fertilizers.

Chemical attributes
pH	P		K⁺		Ca²⁺		Mg²⁺		Na⁺		Al³⁺		H+Al³⁺		Organic matter
pH	(mg kg^-1)				(cmol_c kg^-1)										(g kg^-1)
7.4	410.17		0.7		12.24		3.84		2.18		0		0		42
Physical attributes
Sand		Silt		Clay		Natural clay		Degree of flocculation		Soil density		Particle density		Total porosity	Texture
(g kg^-1)										(g cm³)				(m³ m^-3)	Texture
727		149		124		26		790		1.53		2.46		0.38	Sandy Loam

Density	ECES		pH		C/N	M	N		C		P	K		Ca		Mg
(kg m³)	(dS m^-1)		pH		C/N	(%)	(g kg^-1)
874.5	5.02		8.98		1.2	9.09	15.8		19		5.2	15.3		12.7		14.4
Micronutrients (mg kg^-1)
Na		S		Si		Cu		Fe		Mn			Zn		B
6.4		3.7		14.8		23.9		11.74		774.2			105.8		7.9

Sources of variation	DF	Mean square
Sources of variation	DF	N	P	K
Manure	3	8.16^ns	7.6*	15.22*
Humic substance	2	12.58^ns	3.3^ns	13.39^ns
Manure × Humic substance	6	8.41^ns	3.58**	4.16^ns
Blocks	3	4.72^ns	0.09^ns	7.49^ns
Residue	33	186.33	0.05	5.22
CV (%)		27.5	9.1	7.9

Sources of variation	DF	Mean square
Sources of variation	DF	A	gs	Ci	E
Manure	3	14.25^ns	0.00^ns	2740.5**	6.63**
Humic substance	2	46.63*	0.01*	456.46^ns	4.07**
Manure × Humic substance	6	11.25^ns	0.00^ns	1017.82^ns	0.52^ns
Blocks	3	0.59^ns	0.00^ns	533.39^ns	0.05^ns
Residue	33	10.55	0.00	479.94	0.39
CV (%)		23.2	23.6	7.2	14.1

Sources of variation	DF	Mean Square
Sources of variation	DF	WUE	iCE	F_v/F₀	F_v/F_m	Chla	Chlb	tC
Manure	3	1.53**	0.00 ^ns	2.31 ^ns	0.73 ^ns	6.28**	35.15*	74.31**
Humic substance	2	0.89*	0.00*	3.06*	0.59 ^ns	5.01**	10.22^ns	17.67^ns
Manure × Humic substance	6	1.00**	0.00^ns	3.14**	1.46*	7.09**	14.10^ns	31.86^ns
Blocks	3	0.05^ns	0.00^ns	0.56^ns	0.52^ns	0.90^ns	15.96^ns	22.04^ns
Residue	33	0.17	0.00	0.8	0.43	0.78	10.18	16.12
CV (%)	-	10.9	27.3	22.7	56.6	1.9	11.8	5.4

Unidade Acadêmica de Engenharia Agrícola Unidade Acadêmica de Engenharia Agrícola, UFCG, Av. Aprígio Veloso 882, Bodocongó, Bloco CM, 1º andar, CEP 58429-140, Campina Grande, PB, Brasil, Tel. +55 83 2101 1056 - Campina Grande - PB - Brazil
E-mail: revistagriambi@gmail.com

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[1] * Corresponding author - E-mail: ramonsilvagro@gmail.com

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Cattle manure and humic substances stimulate morphophysiological and nutritional processes in pepper plants1 1 Research developed at Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Areia, PB, Brazil

Esterco bovino e substâncias húmicas estimulam a morfofisiologia e a nutrição em pimentão

ABSTRACT

HIGHLIGHTS:

Cattle manure and humic substances stimulate morphophysiological and nutritional processes in pepper plants¹ 1 Research developed at Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Areia, PB, Brazil