This article aims to analyze the sugarcane specialization in Goiás State, at the municipal level, as a result of competition for land use and the impacts of this process on: substitution of crops, in the use of forest remnants and in the consumptive use of water by sugarcane. The results suggest that the expansion of sugar cane promotes local specialization, where, preferentially, replaces temporary crops and induces the displacement ofthe other crops, endangering the forest fragments. In addition, part of the expansion is located in areas of moderate to high risk of drought for sugar cane cultivation.
