Detailed chemical and crystal properties of the kaolinite (Ka) and iron oxides in the Barreiras Group soils and sediments (Coastal Tablelands) are little known. Eleven samples were collected (0,7; 1,4; 2,1; 2,8; 3,5; 4,2; 4,9; 5,6; 7,7; 10,5 and 14m) in an exposed sediment sequence in Aracruz, Espírio Santo State, Brazil, in order to study the characteristics of these minerals with depth. Clay and silt fractions were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential thermal analysis and electron microscopy. Total contents of Fe, Cr, Mn, Ni, Pb, Ti and Zr of the clay fraction were determined by ICP after fluoridric acid extraction. The contents of Al, Si and microelements were determined in ammonium oxalate (AO) and dithionite-citrate-bicarbonate (DCB) extracts. The chemical composition of kaolinite in the clay fraction was determined by extraction with NaOH 5molL-1 and in the silt fraction by the combined heating and extracting with NaOH 0,5molL-1. The average Fe2O3 content in the kaolinite of the clay fraction (20.7gkg-1) was higher than those obtained for the silt fraction (5.2gkg-1). The interplanar space, mainly in the b axis, was increased, due to Fe substitution in the kaolinite structure. The properties of kaolinite (such as size and shape) did not substantially differ with depth, although less crystalline kaolinite was found at the surface, suggesting an interference of organic matter. With reference to the iron oxides, the Fe2O3 contents extracted by DCB in the clay fraction decreased with depth. The isomorphic substitution of Fe for Al was greater in goethite (Gt) in relation to hematite, with a trend of higher values at the sediment surface. The iron oxides presented little association with microelements, mainly, Ni, Pb and Ti.
Hematite; goethite; XRD; thermal analysis; eletronic microscopy