A detailed macro- and micromorphological investigation was carried out in two Ultisol (Argissolo Amarelo) and one Aridisol (Planossolo Nátrico) profile from a tableland surface of the San Francisco river basin in Petrolina, Pernambuco State, Northeastern Brazil. The study aimed to characterize the soils micromorphologically, evaluating their pedogenesis to help understand the soil diversity in the landscape. Results indicate that the three soils were developed from Post-Cretaceous sediments mixed with Pre-Cambrian crystalline rock weathered materials and, also, most probably, with materials from old alluvial terraces of the San Francisco river. The differences among the three profiles were caused by a certain heterogeneity of the parent material but, mainly, due to the soil position in the relief that entailed differences in internal drainage. There occurs a pedogenetic process of iron concretion degradation, inherited from the parent material, to plinthitic mottles, which were, eventually, dissipated in the soil matrix, causing losses from the soil system.
yellow argisol; natric planosol; soil micromorphology; iron concretion; pedogenesis; hard-setting soils