The establishment of irrigation management has been based on the soil water potential (Ψ) as a limiting factor for plant growth. However, other variables can affect crop growth even when Ψ is not limiting. The least limiting water range (LLWR) is a concept of available water that take account the influence of aeration and soil resistance to penetration (SR) in addition to Ψ. The objective of this study was to quantify the LLWR in an irrigated Dystroferric Red Nitosol and to use it to determine the soil and water management for irrigated areas. Soil penetration resistance limited LLRW most often, reducing its magnitude with the increase of soil bulk density (Bd). Therefore, the higher Bd, the less often θ was inside the limits of LLWR. The critical Bd (Bdc) was 1.40 Mg m-3, indicating severe soil physical degradation when Bd > Bdc. For Bd < 1.28 Mg m-3 , the Ψ = -800 hPa, which is frequently used for irrigation management using tensiometers, characterized the lower limit for LLWR. For 1.28 < Bd < 1.40 Mg m-3 the lower limit was determined by SR, and under these conditions Ψ=-800 hPa as a limit for water application results in physical restrictions for plants due to the high SR. In this case, the mapping of areas with homogenous Bd could be used for the management of Ψ to maintain SR < 2.0 MPa. In areas where Bd < 1.28 Mg m-3 soil drying can be higher without SR > 2.0 MPa; for areas in which 1.28 < Bd < 1.40 Mg m-3 Ψ should be maintained at > -800 hPa to maintain adequate SR. For areas where Bd > Bdc measures to reduce Bd could be taken due to the severe soil physical degradation in this situation.
irrigation; soil physical quality; soil resistance to penetration
