From paradox to competition: the place of the programmatic dimension in electoral disputes

Abstract:

This paper aims to present and discuss how different studies approach the programmatic dimension of electoral competition. Taking the classic Downsian proximity model as a starting point, I argue that, in a strict sense, the author imposes a programmatic paradox for parties. Alternatives models, however, such as the salience theory of party competition, the directional vote model, and the discount and party activism models, demonstrate the weakness of the Downsian contribution. From different perspectives, therefore, such as political motivation, endogenous and multidimensional preference constitution, I demonstrate how the programmatic paradox can be overcome. I also reaffirm the relevance of the programmatic dimension as an effective component of electoral competition. Finally, I present research on the Brazilian case to show that this dimension has been absent from the debate on electoral competition in this country.

Keywords:
Brazil; Electoral competition; Programmatic dimension; Proximity model; Directional model; Salience theory