The studies of party politics in Europe, and particularly in France, have fallen into a certain analytic routine. One of the reasons for this is the neglect in studying organizations that do not fit in the typical models privileged by traditional approaches. Also important in this sense is the tendency in fashion towards outlining, amongst other things, the notion of cartelization, or the political combinations or coalitions between parties. Submitting these models to verification in base of empirical observation of the "atypical" party organizations, as well as working with the notion of institution in order to think party formations as living organisms, are, for instance, the ways through which one could take political parties not for what they should be, or are not, or even no longer are, but exactly for what they are.
political parties; party theory; activism; right-wing; center