Acute exercise modulates the mental stress-induced responses in healthy and obese young adults

Cavalcante, André; Araújo, Jaqueline Alves; Nonato, Laura Cristina; Ferreira, Jacielle Carolina; Cambri, Lucieli Teresa

doi:10.1590/1980-0037.2023v25e89526

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Revista Brasileira de Cineantropometria & Desempenho Humano

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Original article • Rev. bras. cineantropom. desempenho hum. 25 • 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-0037.2023v25e89526 copy

Acute exercise modulates the mental stress-induced responses in healthy and obese young adults

O exercício agudo modula as respostas induzidas pelo estresse mental em adultos jovens saudáveis e obesos

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

The aim of this study was to verify whether obesity and acute physical exercise could influence the reactivity to mental stress. Twelve normal weight (NW) and ten obese (Ob) (31.82% women), normotensive individuals between 18 and 40 years old were evaluated. The Stroop color test was performed under two conditions: 1) Baseline and 2) 30 min after the end of aerobic physical exercise. Individuals performed 30 min of physical exercise (NW: 3.38 and Ob: 2.99 km·h^-1; p< 0.05) between 50-60% of heart rate reserve (NW: 139±7 and Ob: 143±7 bpm). The reactivity to mental stress for systolic blood pressure - SBP (Δ2 min) and diastolic blood pressure - DBP (Δ2 and Δ4 min) was lower (p< 0.05) in Ob compared to NW group. The SBP reactivity to mental stress was less (p< 0.05) post-exercise in all moments (Δ2 and Δ4 min), regardless of obesity, while the DBP reactivity to mental stress was less post-exercise, only in NW. BP reactivity to stress correlated negatively with obesity indicators (r/Rho = - 0.42 to - 0.64), under the baseline condition, but not post-physical exercise. Obesity blunted BP reactivity to mental stress in normotensive young adults. Moderately-intensity acute aerobic exercise reduced SBP reactivity to mental stress, regardless of obesity, while it reduced DBP reactivity to mental stress, only in NW. In summary, acute physical exercise may be a one means to prevent cardiovascular changes.

Key words:
Aerobic exercise; Autonomic nervous system; Blood pressure; Obesity; Stroop test

	Normal weight (n=12)	Obese (n=10)	p
Sex (F/M)	4/8	3/7
Age (years)*	27.53 (20.77-36.12)	32.39 (20.95-36.61)	0.47
Body mass (kg)	65.57±8.79	102.50±10.96	<0.01
Body mass index (kg·m^-2)	22.56±1.79	34.25±2.60	<0.01
Abdominal circumference (cm)	77.23±7.14	105.70±8.70	<0.01
Body fat (%)	22.79±5.27	38.92±8.32	<0.01
Total MET’s (min·week^-1)*	1039 (0-8199)	305 (0-6720)	0.47
Systolic BP (mmHg)	107±10	116±8	0.04
Diastolic BP (mmHg)*	65 (59-79)	66 (59-88)	0.26
RMSSD (ms)*	37.26 (16.88-58.42)	19.39 (3.71-78.39)	0.19
SDNN (ms)	41.28±9.36	29.31±16.93	0.06
HF (n. u.)	37.98±9.35	43.25±20.96	0.46
LF/HF*	1.37 (1.10-3.98)	1.84 (0.19-4.27)	0.83
*Physical exercise parameters*
Heart rate (bpm)	139±7	143±7	0.26
Distance (km)*	3.38 (2.86-5.14)	2.99 (2.35-3.42)	0.02
Velocity (km·h^-1)*	6.75 (5.71-10.27)	5.96 (4.69-6.84)	0.01

		Normal weight (n=12)			Obese (n=10)				Three-Way ANOVA
	Times	0	2	4	0	2	4		Group	Time	Condition	Group x Time	Group x Condition	Time x Condition	Group x Time x Condition
Systolic BP (mmHg)	Baseline	107±10^a	128±11^b	122±9^b	116±8^a	125±17^b	125±14^b	p	0.17	< 0.01	< 0.01	0.13	0.04	< 0.01	0.64
	Baseline	107±10^a	128±11^b	122±9^b	116±8^a	125±17^b	125±14^b	ES	0.09	0.51	0.61	0.11	0.20	0.45	0.01
	Post-Exercise	105±10	111±12	110±9	116±7*	119±8*	117±11*	Pr	0.27	0.99	1.00	0.32	0.57	0.97	0.07
Diastolic BP (mmHg)	Baseline	67±7^a	82±5^b	79±9^b	74±14^a	81±15^b	78±16^ab	p	0.51	< 0.01	< 0.01	0.04	0.15	< 0.01	0.02
	Baseline	67±7^a	82±5^b	79±9^b	74±14^a	81±15^b	78±16^ab	ES	0.02	0.58	0.30	0.20	0.10	0.32	0.23
	Post-Exercise	69±7^a	74±5^b#	73±7^b#	74±11	78±15^#	77±13	Pr	0.10	1.00	0.80	0.55	0.30	0.84	0.65
	Post-Exercise	69±7^a	74±5^b#	73±7^b#	74±11	78±15^#	77±13
Heart rate (bpm)	Baseline	74±13^a	84±17^b	84±17^b	84±12^a	88±16^b	90±15^b	p	0.39	< 0.01	< 0.01	0.08	0.61	0.10	0.70
	Baseline	74±13^a	84±17^b	84±17^b	84±12^a	88±16^b	90±15^b	ES	0.04	0.58	0.69	0.14	0.01	0.13	0.01
	Post-Exercise#	86±15^a	92±14^b	93±13^b	93±16^a	96±15^b	96±15^b	Pr	0.13	1.00	1.00	0.41	0.08	0.39	0.07

		Baseline		Post-Exercise		Two-Way ANOVA
		Normal weight (n=12)	Obese (n=10)	Normal weight (n=12)	Obese (n=10)		Group	Condition	Group x Condition
Systolic BP (mmHg)	Δ2	21±10	9±11	6±14	4±10	p	0.05	0.01	0.14
						ES	0.17	0.34	0.11
						Pr	0.50	0.85	0.31
	Δ4	15±6	9±10	5±7	1±11	p	0.13	< 0.01	0.61
						ES	0.11	0.47	0.01
						Pr	0.33	0.98	0.08
Diastolic BP (mmHg)	Δ2	15±4	7±6	5±6#	4±7	p	0.04	< 0.01	0.01
						ES	0.20	0.63	0.29
						Pr	0.57	1.00	0.78
	Δ4	13±6	4±8	4±6^#	3±4	p	0.04	< 0.01	0.02
						ES	0.19	0.34	0.23
						Pr	0.55	0.85	0.65
Heart rate (bpm)	Δ2	10±8	4±6	7±7	3±3	p	0.09	0.07	0.61
						ES	0.14	0.16	0.01
						Pr	0.39	0.46	0.08
	Δ4	10±8	6±7	8±8	3±4	p	0.09	0.10	0.70
						ES	0.14	0.13	0.01
						Pr	0.41	0.37	0.07

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[1] Corresponding authorLucieli Teresa Cambri. Physical Education Department, Federal University of Mato Grosso. Av. Fernando Corrêa da Costa, 2367, 78060-900, Boa Esperança, Cuiabá (MT), Brazil. E-mail: lucambri@yahoo.com.br