BACKGROUND: There are numerous advantages in closing the pericardial cavity after heart surgery and intrapericardial pneumonectomies. OBJECTIVE: To study the behavior of a natural latex membrane as a partial pericardium substitute. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Sixteen dogs divided into 3 groups were submitted to resection of an elliptical flap of the left anterolateral portion of the pericardium (7 x 5 cm): Group A (n=4) - the removed flap was immediately reimplanted; Group B (n=8) - the flap was replaced with a 0.3 mm thick natural latex membrane of equivalent area; Group C (n=4) - the latex flap was 0.7 mm thick. In all animals the flap was fixed with continuous 5-0 or 6-0 polypropylene sutures. In group C, 4 additional U-shaped stitches anchored with dacron pledgets were applied. All animals were submitted to ECG and to white cell counts during the preoperative period as well as to macro- and microscopic post mortem study. RESULTS: Group A - the self-graft was macro and microscopically intact, strongly adhering to the lung and loosely adhering to the epicardium; Group B - total suture dehiscence occurred in 1 animal and partial dehiscence in 2. The latex membrane did not adhere to the lung or to the epicardium. In 3 animals (37.5%) there was full regeneration of the pericardium underlying the natural latex, microscopically identical to the native pericardium. Group C - the sutures were intact and total pericardium regeneration was observed in 3 animals (75%). In the remaining animals of Groups B and C, the epicardium underlying the latex was slightly thickened, permitting easy visualization of the coronary vessels. Some areas with dense lymphocytes and plasma cells infiltrates, fibroblast and vascular proliferation were microscopically identified in its thickness; in some other areas the fibroblasts surrounded slits with mesothelial lining indicating irregular pericardium regeneration. No local infection or changes in white cell counts were observed and the ECG only showed T wave inversion in all groups. CONCLUSION: The natural latex membrane proved to be adequate for partial pericardium replacement in dogs kept under observation for up to 345 days, favoring regeneration of the native pericardium.
Pericardial substitutes; Prostheses and implants; Pericardium; Surgical, flaps; Cardiac surgical procedures; Cardiac surgical procedures
