OBJECTIVES: Evaluate residual pressure gradients after aortic valve replacement surgery in our Institution. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Between January 1988 and December 1998, 44 patients with isolated aortic stenosis underwent surgery and received a valve prosthesis size 23 or smaller. Echocardiographic studies were performed at our Institution before surgery and six months postoperatively. There were 28(63.6%) males, with an average age of 53.9, and an average body surface area of 1.67 m². Preoperative average transvalvar pressure gradient was 95.8 mmHg. Twelve patients were in functional class II, 28 in class III, and 4 in class IV. Bioprostheses were implanted in 25 patients, and mechanic prostheses in the other 19, 11 of which received a bileaflet prostheses. RESULTS: Six months after surgery 35 (79.5%) patients were in functional class I, and 9 (20.5%) in class II. Average gradient variation was 62.9 mmHg. The average residual postoperative gradient was 32.9 mmHg. The gradient reduction was not influenced by sex, age, body surface area, or size of the valve prosthesis. The gradient variation was directly proportional to the preoperative gradient. Regarding type of valve prosthesis, the average residual gradient was 24.3 mmHg for the bileaflet mechanical prosthesis, 33.7 mmHg for the bioprosthesis, and 42.3 mmHg for the single leaflet mechanical prosthesis. CONCLUSION: Gradient variation was directly influenced by the preoperative gradient. The best results regarding residual gradients were achieved with bileaflet mechanical prostheses, followed by bioprostheses and single leaflet mechanical prostheses. Use of a smaller than recommended for body surface area prosthesis, avoiding aortic annulus enlargement procedures, was not related to higher residual gradients in this group of patients.
Aortic valve; Aortic valve; Aortic valve stenosis; Heart valve prosthesis, implantation
