OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical and functional results of 96 patients submitted to aortic valve replacement with the pulmonary autograft. MATERIAL AND METHODS: From May/95 to March/2000, 96 patients with mean age of 25.4±11.4 years were consecutively submitted to aortic valve replacement with the pulmonary autograft. The most common preoperative diagnosis was rheumatic aortic valve insufficiency with 89% in functional class II or III. Bidimensional Doppler echocardiogram was performed in all patients and 42 were also submitted to cardiac catheterization before the operation. Pulmonary autograft was implanted as a complete root replacement in 85 patients, as a miniroot in six cases and in the subcoronary remainder position. Reconstruction of the right ventricular outflow tract was performed with pulmonary (84) or aortic homografts (12), which were stored in nutrient-antibiotic solution (34) or cryopreserved (62). Before hospital discharge, echocardiographic examination was repeated in all patients and cathterization in 30 of them in order to determine the hemodynamic performance of the auto and homografts, as well as left ventricular mass and function. During the follow-up period, patients were submitted to clinical evaluation and echocardiographic control every six months. Twenty patients with more than 6 months follow-up time were submitted to dobutamine stress echocardiography in order to determine the hemodynamic performance of the auto and homografts during exercise conditions. RESULTS: Hospital mortality was 6.2%. After a mean follow-up time of 32.1 months (1-58), 98.9% are alive. The incidence of freedom from thromboembolism, endocarditis, pulmonary autograft dysfunction, homograft dysfunction, mitral reoperations and of any kind of complications after 58 months is 100%, 100% 97.1%, 96.5%, 93.9% and 87.5% respectively. The hemodynamic performance of the pulmonary autografts was physiological, with an average mean gradient of 3.8±3.3. The degree of valvular regurgitation was negligible. Even during exercise conditions, gradients did not rise significantly, with average mean gradient of 6.8±3.8 mmHg. Hemodynamic function of the homografts was excellent during the immediate postoperative period, with average mean gradient of 4.1±4.6 mmHg. During late follow-up, however, there was a slight increase in these gradients with values of 13.9±10 mmHg. During exercise, these gradients rose significantly to 33.6±18.9 mmHg. Homograft diameter and patient age inversely correlated with late pulmonary gradients. Left ventricular mass index decreased from a preoperative value of 180±68 g/m² to 117±32 g/m² during late follow-up. Left ventricular mass and function was normal in the majority of patients in the late period. CONCLUSIONS: Aortic valve replacement with the pulmonary autograft was performed with a low operative mortality. Late survival was excellent, with a low incidence of complications. The hemodynamic performance of the pulmonary autografts at rest and during exercise was almost physiological. There was a significant regression of left ventricular mass and normal left ventricular function late postoperatively. Although the immediate hemodynamic performance of the right sided homografts was normal, mild gradients were frequently observed in the late period.
Aortic valve; Pulmonary valve; Cardiac surgical procedures; Implantation, autologous; Cardiac surgical procedures
