Digestible Threonine to Lysine Ratios for Meat-Type Quails

Three experiments were conducted to estimate the optimal digestible threonine to lysine ratios (Thr:Lys) of meat-type quails during the pre-starter (1 to 7 days), starter (8 to 14 days) and grower I (15 to 21 days) phases. In each experiment, 600 birds were distributed according to a completely randomized experimental design into five treatments, consisting of five dietary Thr:Lys ratios (0.66, 0.71, 0.76, 0.81 and 0.86%), with eight replicates of 15 quails each. Performance parameters and intestinal morphology were evaluated. During the pre-starter phase, feed intake, threonine intake, weight gain, and ileal villus height linearly increased (p<0.01) as dietary digestible Thr:Lys increased. During the starter phase, increasing digestible Thr:Lys ratios had a linear effect (p<0.01) on threonine intake and livability, and linear and quadratic effects (p<0.01) on feed intake. During the grower I phase, increasing digestible Thr:Lys ratios promoted linear increase in threonine intake and feed conversion ratio (p<0.05), and a linear decrease in weight gain. The estimated digestible Thr:Lys ratios recommended for meat-type quails are 0.85, 0.73 and 0.66%, for the pre-starter, starter and grower I phases, respectively.

Keywords:
Amino acids, Coturnix coturnix; ideal protein, performance

Authorship

MR Castro

Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil.Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e MucuriBrazilDiamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil.

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8509-8497

SRF Pinheiro

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6631-6417

RG Oliveira

Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.Universidade Federal de Minas GeraisBrazilBelo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8070-0768

LRA Abreu

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9926-6359

LFM Mota

Departamento de Zootecnia, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil.Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e VeterináriasBrazilJaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil Departamento de Zootecnia, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil.

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9983-1784

JA Miranda

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9616-0740

Corresponding author e-mail address Sandra Regina Freitas Pinheiro Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Campus JK, Rodovia MGT 367 km 583, no 5000, Diamantina, MG, Brazil Email: sandrafreitaspinheiro@gmail.com

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Tables

Tables (7)

Thumbnail

Table 1
Ingredients and calculated composition of the pre-starter experimental diets (1 to 7 days of age).

Thumbnail

Table 2
Ingredients and calculated composition of the starter experimental diets (8 to 14 days of age).

Thumbnail

Table 3
Ingredients and calculated composition of the starter experimental diets (15 to 21 days of age).

Thumbnail

Table 4
Growth performance of meat-type quails fed increasing digestible Thr:Lys ratios from 1 to 7 days of age (pre-starter phase).

Thumbnail

Table 5
Growth performance of meat-type quails fed digestible Thr:Lys ratios from 8 to 14 days of age (starter phase).

Thumbnail

Table 6
Growth performance of meat-type quails fed digestible Thr:Lys ratios from 15 to 21 days of age (grower I phase).

Thumbnail

Table 7
Effects of different dietary digestible Thr:Lys ratios on the intestinal morphological parameters of meat-type quails during the pre-starter phase (1 to 7 days of age).

Table 1 Ingredients and calculated composition of the pre-starter experimental diets (1 to 7 days of age).

Ingredients	Threonine:Lysine Ratio
Ingredients	0.66	0.71	0.76	0.81	0.86
Corn	53.7524	53.7524	53.7524	53.7524	53.7524
Soybean meal (45%)	35.968	35.968	35.968	35.968	35.968
Corn gluten (60%)	5.00	5.00	5.00	5.00	5.00
Corn starch	0.5000	0.5244	0.5482	0.5721	0.5963
Soybean oil	0.1583	0.1583	0.1583	0.1583	0.1583
Limestone	1.2779	1.2779	1.2779	1.2779	1.2779
Dicalcium Phosphate	1.0263	1.0263	1.0263	1.0263	1.0263
Salt	0.3818	0.3818	0.3818	0.3818	0.3818
Choline chloride (60%)	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01
L-Lysine HCl (78%)	0.1784	0.1784	0.1784	0.1784	0.1784
DL-Methionine (99%)	0.3124	0.3124	0.3124	0.3124	0.3124
L-Threonine (96%)	0.0195	0.0827	0.1470	0.2102	0.2744
L-Isoleucine (99%)	0.1319	0.1319	0.1319	0.1319	0.1319
L-Arginine (99%)	0.3831	0.3831	0.3831	0.3831	0.3831
L-Glutamic (99.4%)	0.5000	0.4129	0.3243	0.2372	0.1488
Vitamin-mineral premix^1-2	0.4000	0.4000	0.4000	0.4000	0.4000
Total	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Calculated nutritional composition
Metabolizable energy (kcal/kg)	2,900	2,900	2,900	2,900	2,900
Crude protein (%)	25.00	25.00	25.00	25.00	25.00
Calcium (%)	0.85	0.85	0.85	0.85	0.85
Available phosphorus (%)	0.32	0.32	0.32	0.32	0.32
Sodium (%)	0.17	0.17	0.17	0.17	0.17
Crude fiber (%)	3.36	3.36	3.36	3.36	3.36
Digestible amino acids (%)
Lysine	1.25	1.25	1.25	1.25	1.25
Methionine + Cysteine	0.98	0.98	0.98	0.98	0.98
Tryptophan	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25
Threonine	0.82	0.88	0.95	1.01	1.07
Arginine	1.82	1.80	1.80	1.80	1.80
Isoleucine	1.07	1.07	1.07	1.07	1.07
Valine	1.02	1.02	1.02	1.02	1.02

¹
Nutrients per kilogram of diet: Cobalt 2g, Copper 20g, Iron 100g, Iodine 2g; Manganese 160g; Zinc 100g, Vehicle q.s.p. 1,000g.
²
Nutrients per kilogram of diet: folic acid 750 mg; pantothenic acid 12,000 mg; BHT 1,000 mg; biotin 25 mg; niacin 35 mg; Vit. A 8,000,000 IU; Vit B1 1,500 mg; Vit. B12 12,000mcg; Vit B2 5,000 mg; Vit B6 2,800 mg; Vit D3 2,000,000 IU; Vit. E 15,000 IU; Vit. K 1,8000 mg; Vehicle q.s.p. 1,000g.

Table 2 Ingredients and calculated composition of the starter experimental diets (8 to 14 days of age).

Ingredient	Threonine:Lysine Ratio
Ingredient	0.66	0.71	0.76	0.81	0.86
Corn	53.7346	53.7346	53.7346	53.7346	53.7346
Soybean meal (45%)	35.9917	35.9917	35.9917	35.9917	35.9917
Corn gluten (60%)	5.00	5.00	5.00	5.00	5.00
Corn starch	0.50	0.5239	0.5652	0.5720	0.5963
Soybean oil	0.1664	0.1664	0.1564	0.1664	0.1664
Limestone	1.2779	1.2779	1.2779	1.2779	1.2779
Dicalcium phosphate	1.0261	1.0261	1.0261	1.0261	1.0261
Salt	0.3817	0.3818	0.3818	0.3818	0.3818
Choline chloride (60%)	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01
L-Lysine HCl (78%)	0.1778	0.1778	0.1778	0.1778	0.1778
DL-Methionine (99%)	0.3007	0.3007	0.3007	0.3007	0.3007
L-Threonine (96%)	0.0192	0.0824	0.1466	0.2098	0.2741
L-Isoleucine (99%)	0.1315	0.1315	0.1315	0.1315	0.1315
L-Arginine (99%)	0.3824	0.3824	0.3824	0.3824	0.3824
L-Glutamic (99.4%)	0.5000	0.4127	0.3173	0.2372	0.1488
Vitamin-mineral premix ^1-2	0.40	0.40	0.40	0.40	0.40
Total	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00
Calculated nutritional composition
Metabolizable energy (kcal/kg)	2,900	2,900	2,900	2,900	2,900
Crude protein (%)	25.00	25.00	25.00	25.00	25.00
Calcium (%)	0.85	0.85	0.85	0.85	0.85
Available phosphorus (%)	0.32	0.32	0.32	0.32	0.32
Sodium (%)	0.17	0.17	0.17	0.17	0.17
Crude fiber (%)	3.36	3.36	3.36	3.36	3.36
Digestible amino acids (%)
Lysine	1.25	1.25	1.25	1.25	1.25
Methionine + Cysteine	0.97	0.97	0.97	0.97	0.97
Tryptophan	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25
Threonine	0.82	0.88	0.95	1.01	1.047
Arginine	1.80	1.80	1.80	1.80	1.80
Isoleucine	1.07	1.07	1.07	1.07	1.07
Valine	1.02	1.02	1.02	1.02	1.02

¹
Nutrients per kilogram of diet: cobalt 2 g; copper 20 g; iron 100 g; iodine 2 g; manganese 160 g; zinc 100 g; vehicle q.s.p. 1,000 g.
²
Nutrients per kilogram of diet: folic acid 750 mg; pantothenic acid 12,000 mg; BHT 1,000 mg; biotin 25 mg; niacin 35 mg; Vit. A 8,000,000 IU; Vit B1 1,500 mg; Vit. B12 12,000 mcg; Vit B2 5,000 mg; Vit B6 2,800 mg; Vit D3 2,000,000 IU; Vit. E 15,000 IU; Vit. K 1,8000 mg; Vehicle q.s.p. 1,000 g.

Table 3 Ingredients and calculated composition of the starter experimental diets (15 to 21 days of age).

Ingredient	Threonine:LysineRatio
Ingredient	0.66	0.71	0.76	0.81	0.86
Corn	53.7672	53.7672	53.7672	53.7672	53.7672
Soybean meal (45%)	35.9484	35.9484	35.9484	35.9484	35.9484
Corn gluten (60%)	5.00	5.00	5.00	5.00	5.00
Cornstarch	0.50	0.52	0.54	0.57	0.59
Soybean oil	0.1516	0.1516	0.1516	0.1516	0.1516
Limestone	1.2779	1.27	1.27	1.27	1.27
Dicalcium phosphate	1.02	1.02	1.02	1.02	1.02
Salt	0.38	0.38	0.38	0.38	0.38
Choline chloride (60%)	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01
L-Lysine HCl (78%)	0.17	0.17	0.17	0.17	0.17
DL-Methionine (99%)	0.32	0.32	0.32	0.32	0.32
L-Threonine (96%)	0.01	0.08	0.14	0.21	0.27
L-Isoleucine (99%)	0.13	0.13	0.13	0.13	0.13
L-Arginine (99%)	0.38	0.38	0.38	0.38	0.38
L-Glutamic (99.4%)	0.50	0.41	0.32	0.23	0.14
Vitamin-mineral premix ^l-2	0.40	0.40	0.40	0.40	0.40
Total	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Calculated nutritional composition
Metabolizable energy (kcal/kg)	2,900	2,900	2,900	2,900	2,900
Crude protein (%)	25.00	25.00	25.00	25.00	25.00
Calcium (%)	0.85	0.85	0.85	0.85	0.85
Available phosphorus (%)	0.32	0.32	0.32	0.32	0.32
Sodium (%)	0.17	0.17	0.17	0.17	0.17
Crude fiber (%)	3.35	3.35	3.35	3.35	3.35
Digestible amino acids (%)
Lysine	1.25	1.25	1.25	1.25	1.25
Methionine + Cysteine	0.99	0.99	0.99	0.99	0.99
Tryptophan	0.24	0.24	0.24	0.24	0.24
Threonine	0.82	0.88	0.95	1.01	1.07
Arginine	1.80	1.80	1.80	1.80	1.80
Isoleucine	1.07	1.07	1.07	1.07	1.07
Valine	1.01	1.01	1.01	1.01	1.01

¹
Nutrients per kilogram of diet: cobalt 2 g; copper 20 g; iron 100 g; iodine 2 g; manganese 160 g; zinc 100 g; vehicle q.s.p. 1,000 g.
²
Nutrients per kilogram of diet: folic acid 750 mg; pantothenic acid 12,000 mg; BHT 1,000 mg; biotin 25 mg; niacin 35 mg; Vit. A 8,000,000 IU; Vit B1 1,500 mg; Vit. B12 12,000 mcg; Vit B2 5,000 mg; Vit B6 2,800 mg; Vit D3 2,000,000 IU; Vit. E 15,000 IU; Vit. K 1,8000 mg; Vehicle q.s.p. 1,000 g.

Table 4 Growth performance of meat-type quails fed increasing digestible Thr:Lys ratios from 1 to 7 days of age (pre-starter phase).

Variable	Digestible Thr:Lys ratios %					CV (%)	P-value
Variable	0.66	0.71	0.76	0.81	0.86
Feed intake (g) *	34.29	35.07	34.94	36.67	36.83	4.11	0.0003
Threonine intake (mg) *	28.12	30.86	33.19	37.04	40.17	4.93	0.0001
Weight gain (g) *	24.96	25.58	25.68	26.80	27.35	4.89	0.0001
Feed conversion (g/g)	1.349	1.396	1.362	1.369	1.346	3.27	0.5587
Livability (%)	94.17	96.19	94.17	96.67	95.83	6.27	0.5478

CV= Coefficient of variation; *Effect linear (p< 0.01).

Table 5 Growth performance of meat-type quails fed digestible Thr:Lys ratios from 8 to 14 days of age (starter phase).

Variable	Digestible Thr:Lys ratios %					CV (%)	P-value
Variable	0.66	0.71	0.76	0.81	0.86
Feed intake (g)**	91.18	90.91	90.65	90.93	93.64	1.21	0.001
Threonine intake (mg)*	74.77	80.00	86.12	91.84	100.20	3.69	0.001
Weight gain (g)	49.64	49.84	48.09	48.52	50.88	4.46	0.094
Feed conversion (g/g)	1.838	1.829	1.885	1.877	1.832	3.95	0.118
Livability (%)**	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	95.00	1.44	0.001

CV= Coefficient of variation; *Linear effect (p< 0.01); **Quadratic effect (p< 0.01).

Table 6 Growth performance of meat-type quails fed digestible Thr:Lys ratios from 15 to 21 days of age (grower I phase).

Variable	Digestible The:Lys ratios %					CV (%)	P-value
Variable	0.66	0.71	0.76	0.81	0.86
Feed intake (g)	133.99	135.49	133.95	134.28	135.62	1.37	0.3305
Threonine intake (mg)*	109.87	119.23	127.25	135.62	145.11	1.32	0.0001
Weight gain (g)*	64.75	63.67	61.26	62.75	59.53	3.95	0.0003
Feed conversion (g/g)*	2.072	2.124	2.196	2.141	2.280	3.49	0.0001
Livability (%)	99.17	100.00	99.05	96.67	99.17	2.48	0.2563

CV= Coefficient of variation; *Linear effect (p< 0.01).

Table 7 Effects of different dietary digestible Thr:Lys ratios on the intestinal morphological parameters of meat-type quails during the pre-starter phase (1 to 7 days of age).

Variable	Digestible Thre:Lys ratios %					CV (%)	P-value
Variable	0.66	0.71	0.76	0.81	0.86
VHd (µm)	879.20	928.47	912.31	850.58	823.39	12.20	0.3368
VHj (µm)	440.39	384.99	390.12	394.67	385.26	11.67	0.2000
VHi (µm)*	258.69	289.52	294.48	298.14	324.55	17.22	0.0168

CV= Coefficient of variation; *Linear effect (p< 0.05). VHd: duodenal villus height; VHj: jejunal villus height; VHi: ileal villus height.

How to cite

copy

Fundação de Apoio à Ciência e Tecnologia Avicolas Rua Barão de Paranapanema, 146 - Sala 72, Bloco A, Bosque, Campinas, SP - 13026-010. Tel.: 19 3255-8500 - Campinas - SP - Brazil
E-mail: revista@facta.org.br

Acompanhe os números deste periódico no seu leitor de RSS

Versão para download de PDF

PDF

Inglês

Versões e tradução automática

Versão original do texto

English

Tradução automática

Google Translator
Microsoft Translator

Como citar

RIS

BIBTEX

Outros formatos de citação e exportação:

SciELO - Scientific Electronic Library Online
Rua Dr. Diogo de Faria, 1087 – 9º andar – Vila Clementino 04037-003 São Paulo/SP - Brasil
E-mail: scielo@scielo.org

Leia a Declaração de Acesso Aberto

Métricas

Digestible Threonine to Lysine Ratios for Meat-Type Quails

PlumX

Mensagem

[1] Corresponding author e-mail address Sandra Regina Freitas Pinheiro Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Campus JK, Rodovia MGT 367 km 583, no 5000, Diamantina, MG, Brazil Email: sandrafreitaspinheiro@gmail.com