SOIL CHEMICAL ATTRIBUTES IN RESPONSE TO TREE DISTANCE AND SUN-EXPOSED FACES AFTER THE IMPLANTATION OF AN INTEGRATED CROP-LIVESTOCK-FORESTRY SYSTEM

Moreira, Guilherme Musse; Neves, Júlio César Lima; Magalhães, Ciro Augusto de Souza; Farias Neto, Austeclinio Lopes de; Sauer, Geronimo; Silva, João Flávio Veloso; Fernandes, Raphael B.A.

doi:10.1590/1806-90882018000400005

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Articles • Rev. Árvore 42 (4) • 2018 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-90882018000400005 copy

SOIL CHEMICAL ATTRIBUTES IN RESPONSE TO TREE DISTANCE AND SUN-EXPOSED FACES AFTER THE IMPLANTATION OF AN INTEGRATED CROP-LIVESTOCK-FORESTRY SYSTEM

ATRIBUTOS QUÍMICOS DO SOLO EM RESPOSTA À DISTÂNCIA DAS ÁRVORES E FACE DE EXPOSIÇÃO SOLAR APÓS A IMPLANTAÇÃO DE INTEGRAÇÃO LAVOURA, PECUÁRIA E FLORESTA

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

The use of trees in integrated crop-livestock-forestry systems (ICLF) allows diversifying production, increasing profitability per area, and providing a higher animal comfort. However, the influence of tree component on soil chemical attributes in this system is still little studied. This study aimed to assess the effect of trees and sun-exposed faces to solar radiation on soil nutrient availability at different distances of tree rows in an integrated crop-livestock-forestry system. This study was carried out in the northern Mato Grosso State, Brazil, in the Cerrado - Amazon Forest transition region in an ICLF with the tree component formed by three eucalyptus rows. The assessment carried out in the second year of ICLF implantation considered the effect of tree distances (3, 6, 10, and 15 m) on two sun-exposed faces to solar radiation (north and south) on the main soil chemical attributes. Soil sampling was performed at depths of 0-0.05, 0.05-0.10, 0.10-0.20, and 0.20-0.30 m. The results indicated a homogeneity of the average nutrient contents obtained in the north and south-exposed faces, as well as in the comparison of the same distances in both assessed sun-exposed faces. Effects of trees on soil chemical attributes were verified only when an isolated analysis was carried out in the north-exposed face for K and Al contents. For these attributes, the increased distance in the row was associated with a reduction in their contents in the more superficial and deeper layers, respectively. Trees do not significantly affect soil nutrient availability in the first years of ICLF implantation in systems with homogeneity of solar radiation incidence in the sun-exposed faces although there may be discrete nutrient reductions with the distance of trees.

Keywords:
Nutrients; Agrosilvopastoral system; Spatial variability

Table 1 Chemical characterization of soil samples taken at different depths on both sun exposed faces (north and south) of the tree component of an integrated crop-livestock-forestry system in Sinop, MT, Brazil.

Exposed face	P	K	Ca²⁺	Mg²⁺	Al³⁺	P	K	Ca²⁺	Mg²⁺	Al³⁺
	mg dm^-3		cmol_c dm^-3			mg dm^-3		cmol_c dm^-3
0.0-0.05 m						0.1-0.2 m
South	22.7	109.7	2.1a	0.7	0.1	4.9a	54.3a	1.0	0.3	0.2
North	18.2	107.5	2.0b	0.7	0.1	2.8b	46.6b	1.0	0.3	0.3
CV(%)	31.2	14.8	9.3	8.3	38.8	41.5	19.8	17.2	12.0	31.9
0.05-0.10 m						0.2-0.3 m
South	13.3	75.0	1.5	0.4	0.2	2.6	40.5	0.7	0.2	0.3
North	11.4	73.4	1.5	0.4	0.3	2.2	38.0	0.7	0.2	0.4
CV(%)	27.9	15.0	10.0	9.6	39.3	29.8	9.3	19.6	15.4	7.7

Table 2 Chemical characterization of soil samples taken at different depths and on different sun-exposed faces and distances from the border of tree rows in an integrated crop-livestock-forestry system in Sinop, MT, Brazil.

Position⁽¹⁾ (1) Position: distance and exposed face (S: South; N: North).	P	K	Ca²⁺	Mg ²⁺	Al³⁺	P	K	Ca²⁺	Mg²⁺	Al³⁺
	mg dm^-3		cmol_c dm^-3			mg dm^-3		cmol_c dm^-3
0.0-0.05 m						0.1-0.2 m
3 m S	17.7	96.0b	2.0	0.7	0.1	4.5	46.3	1.0	0.3	0.3
3 m N	19.4	125.3a	2.0	0.7	0.1	3.4	50.8	0.9	0.3	0.4
6 m S	31.4a	118.8	2.3	0.7	0.1	8.9a	68.3a	1.3a	0.4a	0.1b
6 m N	17.5b	122.0	2.0	0.7	0.1	2.6b	48.5b	0.9b	0.3b	0.4a
10 m S	21.2	112.3	2.1	0.7	0.1	4.3	49.3	1.0	0.3	0.2
10 m N	17.8	104.3	2.0	0.7	0.1	2.6	49.8	1.0	0.3	0.3
15 m S	20.3	111.8a	2.0	0.7	0.1	5.6	53.3a	1.0	0.3	0.3
15 m N	18.1	78.5b	2.0	0.7	0.1	2.9	37.3b	1.0	0.3	0.3
Average	20.4	108.6	2.0	0.7	0.1	4.3	50.4	1.0	0.3	0.3
CV (%)	34.6	17.3	10.8	8.5	65.4	66.2	16.9	19.9	19.2	v
0.05-0.1 m						0.2-03 m
3 m S	11.4	69.5	1.4	0.5	0.2	2.9	38.5	0.6	0.2	0.3
3 m N	13.0	85.8	1.6	0.4	0.3	2.2	36.8	0.6	0.2	0.5
6 m S	13.2	78.3	1.6	0.5	0.2	4.0a	50.8a	0.8a	0.3a	0.3
6 m N	12.6	84.3	1.5	0.4	0.2	1.4b	36.5b	0.6b	0.2b	0.4
10 m S	13.9	74.3	1.5	0.4	0.1b	2.4	36.0	0.7	0.2	0.3
10 m N	10.1	68.3	1.4	0.4	0.3a	1.6	39.3	0.7	0.2	0.3
15 m S	14.8	78.0a	1.7	0.4	0.2	2.2	36.8	0.6	0.2	0.4
15 m N	10.1	55.5b	1.5	0.4	0.2	2.0	27.3	0.7	0.2	0.3
Average	12.4	74.2	1.5	0.4	0.2	2.3	37.7	0.7	0.2	0.4
CV (%)	39.3	18.1	16.6	13.3	45.5	48.3	17.7	21.1	21.1	31.8

Table 3 Chemical characterization of soil samples taken from different distances in relation to the eucalyptus row on the north- and south-exposed faces and from four soil depths in an integrated crop-livestock forestry system in Sinop, MT, Brazil.

South						North
Distance (m)	P	K	Ca²⁺	Mg ²⁺	Al³⁺	P	K	Ca²⁺	Mg 2+	Al3+
	mg dm^-3		cmol_c dm^-3			mg dm_-3		cmol_c dm^-3
0.0-0.05 m
3	17.7	96.0	2.0	0.7	0.1	19.4	125.3	2.0	0.7	0.1
6	31.4	118.8	2.3	0.7	0.1	17.5	122.0	2.0	0.7	0.1
10	21.2	112.3	2.1	0.7	0.1	17.8	104.3	2.0	0.7	0.1
15	20.3	111.8	2.0	0.7	0.1	18.1	78.5	2.0	0.7	0.1
Average	22.7	109.7	2.1	0.7	0.1	8.2	^* *()** Significant by the F-test (ANOVA), with differences between distances within the same sun-exposed face evaluated by regression equations (Figure 2). CV = coefficient of variation.	2.0	0.7	0.1
CV (%)	47.7	17.5	14.3	10.9	90.6	34.8	25.9	11.0	9.5	41.7
0.05-0.1 m
3	11.4	69.5	1.4	0.5	0.2	13.0	85.8	1.6	0.4	0.3
6	13.2	78.3	1.6	0.5	0.2	12.6	84.3	1.5	0.4	0.2
10	13.9	74.3	1.5	0.4	0.1	10.1	68.3	1.4	0.4	0.3
15	14.8	78.0	1.7	0.4	0.2	10.1	55.5	1.5	0.4	0.2
Average	13.3	75.0	1.5	0.4	0.2	11.4	^* *()** Significant by the F-test (ANOVA), with differences between distances within the same sun-exposed face evaluated by regression equations (Figure 2). CV = coefficient of variation.	1.5	0.4	0.3
CV (%)	41.1	14.9	16.2	13.4	53.2	42.0	28.0	14.0	11.4	36.6
0.1-0.2 m
3	4.5	46.3	1.0	0.3	0.3	3.4	50.8	0.9	0.3	0.4
6	8.9	68.3	1.3	0.4	0.1	2.6	48.5	0.9	0.3	0.4
10	4.3	49.3	1.0	0.3	0.2	2.6	49.8	1.0	0.3	0.3
15	5.6	53.3	1.0	0.3	0.3	2.9	37.3	1.0	0.3	0.3
Average	5.8	^* *()** Significant by the F-test (ANOVA), with differences between distances within the same sun-exposed face evaluated by regression equations (Figure 2). CV = coefficient of variation.	1.1	0.3	0.2	2.8	46.6	1.0	0.3	0.3
CV (%)	78.2	26.6	24.3	18.4	56.4	34.9	26.6	21.7	19.1	27.8
0.2-03 m
3	2.9	38.5	0.6	0.2	0.3	2.2	36.8	0.6	0.2	0.5
6	4.0	50.8	0.8	0.3	0.3	1.4	36.5	0.6	0.2	0.4
10	2.4	36.0	0.7	0.2	0.3	1.6	39.3	0.7	0.2	0.3
15	2.2	36.8	0.6	0.2	0.4	2.0	27.3	0.7	0.2	0.3
Average	2.9	40.5	0.7	0.2	0.3	1.8	34.9	0.6	0.2	^* *()** Significant by the F-test (ANOVA), with differences between distances within the same sun-exposed face evaluated by regression equations (Figure 2). CV = coefficient of variation.
CV (%)	55.6	25.8	27.6	21.6	43.9	38.4	23.6	26.3	21.5	33.2

Sociedade de Investigações Florestais Universidade Federal de Viçosa, CEP: 36570-900 - Viçosa - Minas Gerais - Brazil, Tel: (55 31) 3612-3959 - Viçosa - MG - Brazil
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