BRAZIL’S COMPETITIVENESS IN EXPORTATION OF FOREST PRODUCTS FROM 2008 TO 2018

Santos, Helenice Furtado; Silva, Márcio Lopes da; Soares, Naisy Silva; Diniz, Felipe Firmino; Coelho Junior, Luiz Moreira

doi:10.1590/1806-908820220000017

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Scientific Article • Rev. Árvore 46 • 2022 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-908820220000017 copy

BRAZIL’S COMPETITIVENESS IN EXPORTATION OF FOREST PRODUCTS FROM 2008 TO 2018

COMPETITIVIDADE BRASILEIRA DAS EXPORTAÇÕES DOS PRODUTOS FLORESTAIS, DE 2008 A 2018

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

This article aims to analyze Brazil’s global competitiveness in the exportation of forest products from 2008 to 2018. Data on importation and exportation were obtained from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations - FAO, while Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), Contribution to Trade Balance (CTB), and Terms of Trade (TOT) were the indicators used to measure international trade. The main results show that Brazil has a positive trade balance for forest products, mainly for wood pulp exports. Brazil’s RCA for forest products was classified as moderate to strong. As for the forest product groups, it was strong for wood pulp, weak to moderate for wood panels, weak for paper and paperboard, weak to nonexpressive for timber, and non-expressive for industrial roundwood and wood fuel. Based on Brazil’s CTB, all the forest product groups have a comparative advantage, except wood fuel. Brazil’s TOT was strong for wood panels, timber, industrial roundwood, wood pulp, in order from most to least expressive. In conclusion, Brazilian exports have comparative advantages and are competitive in the international market.

Keywords:
Forest economics; Competitiveness indicators; Balance of trade

Table 1 Top 10 importing and exporting countries of forest products in the world in 2018, expressed in billions of dollars (US$ x106).

	Export		Import
1	United States of America	28.15	China	57.16
2	Canada	25.49	United States of America	26.67
3	Germany	22.45	Germany	20.61
4	China	15.19	Japan	11.23
5	Finland	14.69	United Kingdom	10.82
6	Sweden	14.48	Italy	10.82
7	Russia	12.44	France	9.1
8	Brazil	10.04	India	6.99
9	Indonesia	8.33	South Korea	6.89
10	Áustria	7.21	Mexico	6.01
Top 10		158.46	Top 10	166.3
Rest of the world		103.97	Rest of the world	117.11
World		262.43	World	283.41

Table 2 Progress of the revealed comparative advantage (RCA) of Brazilian forest products from 2008 to 2018.

Year	Wood panels	Cellulose	Wood fuel	Sawn wood	Paper and paperboard	Industrial roundwood	Forest products
2008	2,17	10,56	0,00	1,85	1,29	0,04	2,62
2009	1,61	12,03	0,00	1,45	1,43	0,01	2,69
2010	1,51	10,76	0,00	1,12	1,41	0,04	2,70
2011	1,14	9,86	0,0004	0,94	1,31	0,08	2,39
2012	1,43	10,48	0,0005	0,87	1,35	0,1	2,53
2013	1,42	11,61	0,0004	0,79	1,36	0,08	2,64
2014	1,61	12,94	0,0005	0,97	1,42	0,14	2,85
2015	1,97	14,84	0,0006	1,23	1,74	0,21	3,50
2016	2,26	15,79	0,0031	1,42	1,64	0,26	3,59
2017	2,56	15,26	0,00	1,51	1,54	0,28	3,60
2018	2,85	16,55	0,00	1,69	1,47	0,34	4,10
Average	1,87	12,79	0,00	1,26	1,45	0,14	3,02
GGR (%)	2,76	4,60	0,00	-0,90	1,31	23,86	4,58

Table 3 Progress of the contribution to trade balance index (CTB) for forest products exported by Brazil from 2008 to 2018.

Year	Wood panels	Cellulose	Wood fuel	Sawnwood	Paper and paperboard	Industrial roundwood	Forest products
2008	0,29	1,59	0,00	0,29	0,25	0,0022	2,49
2009	0,21	1,71	0,00	0,21	0,35	-0,0013	2,54
2010	0,19	1,85	-0,000005	0,17	0,27	0,0018	2,53
2011	0,13	1,53	-0,00001	0,13	0,23	0,0052	2,07
2012	0,17	1,5	-0,000004	0,11	0,2	0,0054	2,04
2013	0,18	1,68	-0,000006	0,12	0,25	0,0054	2,28
2014	0,22	1,84	-0,000006	0,15	0,28	0,0105	2,54
2015	0,28	2,27	-0,000014	0,18	0,49	0,0132	3,31
2016	0,33	2,37	-0,000011	0,22	0,47	0,0171	3,48
2017	0,36	2,39	0,00	0,25	0,39	0,0188	3,47
2018	0,4	2,93	0,00	0,27	0,38	0,0224	4,08
Average	0,25	1,97	0,00	0,19	0,32	0,01	2,80
GGR (%)	3,27	6,30	0,00	-0,71	4,28	26,12	5,06

Table 4 Progress of the terms of trade (TOT) ratio of Brazilian forest products from 2008 to 2018.

Year	Wood panels	Cellulose	Wood fuel	Sawnwood	Paper and paperboard	Industrial roundwood	Forest products
2008	8,50	14,73	0,00	37,43	0,60	4,69	4,74
2009	9,55	14,45	0,00	25,91	0,63	0,32	4,82
2010	8,01	13,91	0,00	28,37	0,59	3,20	4,53
2011	5,98	14,06	0,09	21,73	0,60	8,01	4,45
2012	10,46	14,87	0,17	15,55	0,58	9,32	4,44
2013	11,31	16,11	0,13	18,74	0,59	9,44	4,95
2014	18,36	16,14	0,13	16,16	0,59	17,68	5,19
2015	50,34	17,26	0,08	15,09	0,72	22,09	7,93
2016	114,78	21,44	0,41	15,41	0,75	37,63	9,86
2017	113,23	41,03	0,00	45,15	0,73	37,96	11,92
2018	138,48	52,27	0,00	52,85	0,73	93,17	14,1
Average	44,45	21,48	0,09	26,58	0,65	22,14	6,99
GGR (%)	32,19	13,50	0,00	3,51	1,98	34,84	11,52

Table 5 Evolução dos pontos fortes, fracos e neutralidade relacionado às exportações Brasileiras de produtos florestais, de 2008 a 2018.

Year	Wood panels	Cellulose	Wood fuel	Sawnwood	Paper and paperboard	Industrial roundwood	Forest products
2008	Strong	Strong	Weak	Strong	Neutral	Neutral	Strong
2009	Strong	Strong	Weak	Strong	Neutral	Weak	Strong
2010	Strong	Strong	Weak	Strong	Neutral	Neutral	Strong
2011	Strong	Strong	Weak	Neutral	Neutral	Neutral	Strong
2012	Strong	Strong	Weak	Neutral	Neutral	Neutral	Strong
2013	Strong	Strong	Weak	Neutral	Neutral	Neutral	Strong
2014	Strong	Strong	Weak	Neutral	Neutral	Neutral	Strong
2015	Strong	Strong	Weak	Strong	Neutral	Neutral	Strong
2016	Strong	Strong	Weak	Strong	Neutral	Neutral	Strong
2017	Strong	Strong	Weak	Strong	Neutral	Neutral	Strong
2018	Strong	Strong	Weak	Strong	Neutral	Neutral	Strong

Sociedade de Investigações Florestais Universidade Federal de Viçosa, CEP: 36570-900 - Viçosa - Minas Gerais - Brazil, Tel: (55 31) 3612-3959 - Viçosa - MG - Brazil
E-mail: rarvore@sif.org.br

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