EFFECTS OF HARVESTING ON LEAF PRODUCTION AND REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF <i>Copernicia prunifera</i> (Mill.) H.E. Moore<sup>1</sup>

Vieira, Irlaine Rodrigues; Oliveira, Jefferson Soares de; Loiola, Maria Iracema Bezerra

doi:10.1590/0100-67622016000100013

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Articles • Rev. Árvore 40 (1) • Jan-Feb 2016 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0100-67622016000100013 copy

EFFECTS OF HARVESTING ON LEAF PRODUCTION AND REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF Copernicia prunifera (Mill.) H.E. Moore¹

EFEITOS DO EXTRATIVISMO DE FOLHAS IMATURAS NA PERFORMANCE FOLIAR E REPRODUTIVA DE Copernicia prunifera (Mill.) H.E. Moore

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

This work aimed to evaluate the consequences of the monthly extraction of immature leaves in survival, leaf production and reproductive performance ofCopernicia prunifera H. E. Moore palm, popularly known as carnaúba. One hundred sixty reproductive adult palms were monitored for 17 months in four extractive communities located at the coast of the state of Piauí. As a result, it was observed that leaves, flowers, fruits and seeds production were reduced in the palm submitted to 50% or 75% monthly extraction. Higher levels of extraction were followed by smaller levels in seed germination. No deaths were observed even in the group subjected to 75% monthly leaves exploration. In order not to produce damage to palm trees development it is suggested that leaf extraction rate should not exceed 25% monthly as well as pausing of extractive activity preferentially during fruit maturation.

Keywords:
Traditional management; Environmental sustainability; Carnaúba

Table 1 Location of evaluated extractive communities and intensity of monthly extraction of immature leaves of carnaúba.

Extractive communities	Coordinates	Intensity of extraction
Extractive communities	Coordinates	(%)
Vazantinha	2º53’42.99"S 41º46’49.17"O	0
Paraíso	2º53’40.92"S 41º46’57.59"O	25
Fazendinha	2º53’23.59"S41º47’2.33"O	50
Alto do Pirão	2º53’2.31"S 41º46’54.91"O	75

Table 2 Production and structural alterations of palms sbmitted to different intensities of monthly extraction of immature leaves.

Itensit of extraction	Leaf production	Leaf segments	Lenth (cm)	Bioass (g)
0%	5.30 ± 0.58	58.97 ± 3.08	82.82 ± 6.2	184.85 ± 34.24
25%	4.56 ± 1.44	59.14 ± 3.70	82.62 ± 5.82	193.71 ± 30.80
50%	3.27 ± 0.84^b b Compared with 25% group; ^,^c c Compared with 0% group;	57.71 ± 4.52	78.97 ± 6.92^c c Compared with 0% group; ^,^d d Compared with 25% group and; and	177.31 ± 34.08^d d Compared with 25% group and; and
75%	3.015 ±1.35^a a Compared with group; ^,^b b Compared with 25% group; ^,^c c Compared with 0% group;	56.62 ± 1.80^a a Compared with group; ^,^b b Compared with 25% group;	69.74 ± 4.90^a a Compared with group; ^,^b b Compared with 25% group;	136.91 ± 29.b29^a a Compared with group; ^,^b b Compared with 25% group; ^,^e e Compared with 50% group.

Table 3 Floral structure production of palms submitted to different intensities of monthly extraction of immature leaves.

Intensity of extraction	Number of inflorescences	Floral branches length (cm)	Floral branches biomass (g)	Number of rachilles	Number of flowers per inflorescence (x10³)
0%	1.18 ± 0.73	2.50 ± 0.40	0.59 ± 0.23	1170.00 ± 866.00	82.80 ± 37.57
25%	0.83 ± 0.47	2.27 ± 0.29^f f Compared with 0% group.	0.30 ± 0.08^f f Compared with 0% group.	319.00 ± 133.00^f f Compared with 0% group.	21.81 ± 10.85^f f Compared with 0% group.
50%	0.70 ± 0.65^d d Compared with 0% group; ^,^e e Compared with 25% group; and	2.06 ± 0.45^d d Compared with 0% group;	0.17 ± 0.09^d d Compared with 0% group; ^,^e e Compared with 25% group; and	149.00 ± 45.00^d d Compared with 0% group;	9.81 ± 4.89^d d Compared with 0% group;
75%	0.22 ± 0.32^a a Compared with 0% group; ^,^b b Compared with 25% group; ^,^c c Compared with 50% group;	1.98 ± 0.40^b b Compared with 25% group;	0.12 ± 0.03^f f Compared with 0% group.	155.00 ± 74.00^a a Compared with 0% group;	8.14 ± 4.80^a b Compared with 25% group;

Table 4 Fruiting of palms submitted to different intensities of monthly extraction of immature leaves.

Intensity of extraction	Floral branches containing immature fruits	Floral branches containing mature fruits	Mature fruits per cluster	Seed size (cm)	Seed biomass (g)	Aborted fruits (%)
0%	64.46 ± 53.60	40.41 ± 47.00	150.00 ± 24.50	4.29 ± 0.41	3.40 ± 1.08	42.12
25%	29.92 ± 23.30	8.30 ± 12.33	54.50 ± 29.10^f f Compared with 0% group.	4.40 ± 0.50^f f Compared with 0% group.	3.35 ± 0.65	71.47^f f Compared with 0% group.
50%	54.46 ± 42.50	15.53 ± 18.83	25.20 ± 25.00^d d Compared with 0% group; ^,^e e Compared with 25% group; and	4.70 ± 0.44^d d Compared with 0% group;	2.49 ± 0.64^e e Compared with 25% group; and	72.24^d d Compared with 0% group; ^,^e e Compared with 25% group; and
75%	20.30 ± 25.80^a a Compared with 0% group;	1.53 ± 2.47^b b Compared with 50% group;	8.08 ± 5.50^a a Compared with 0% group; ^,^c c Compared with 25% group;	4.00 ±0.50^a a Compared with 0% group; ^,^b b Compared with 50% group; ^,^c c Compared with 25% group;	2.98 ± 0.70^a a Compared with 0% group; ^,^b b Compared with 50% group; ^,^c c Compared with 25% group;	92.42^a a Compared with 0% group; ^,^b b Compared with 50% group; ^,^c c Compared with 25% group;

Sociedade de Investigações Florestais Universidade Federal de Viçosa, CEP: 36570-900 - Viçosa - Minas Gerais - Brazil, Tel: (55 31) 3612-3959 - Viçosa - MG - Brazil
E-mail: rarvore@sif.org.br

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EFFECTS OF HARVESTING ON LEAF PRODUCTION AND REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF Copernicia prunifera (Mill.) H.E. Moore1

EFEITOS DO EXTRATIVISMO DE FOLHAS IMATURAS NA PERFORMANCE FOLIAR E REPRODUTIVA DE Copernicia prunifera (Mill.) H.E. Moore

ABSTRACT

EFFECTS OF HARVESTING ON LEAF PRODUCTION AND REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF Copernicia prunifera (Mill.) H.E. Moore¹