IMPLICATIONS OF BLOCKCHAIN AND TRANSPARENCY FOR BUSINESS SUSTAINABILITY: AN INTEGRATIVE REVIEW

GIESEL, HEDWIK D.; NOBRE, FARLEY S. M.

doi:10.1590/1678-6971/eRAMD210033

HEDWIK D. GIESEL

Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil.

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4970-9507

FARLEY S. M. NOBRE Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Farley S. M. Nobre, Avenida Prefeito Lothario Meissner, 632, Jardim Botânico, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil, CEP 80210-170. E-mail: f.nobre@ufpr.br or fsmnobre@gmail.com

Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil.

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1595-8903

Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Farley S. M. Nobre, Avenida Prefeito Lothario Meissner, 632, Jardim Botânico, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil, CEP 80210-170. E-mail: f.nobre@ufpr.br or fsmnobre@gmail.com

AUTHOR NOTES

Hedwik D. Giesel, bachelor’s degree from the Business School, Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná (PUCPR); Farley S. M. Nobre, Ph.D. from the Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Birmingham.

Hedwik D. Giesel is now a M.Sc. student at the School of Management of Federal University of Paraná (UFPR); Farley S. M. Nobre is now an associate professor at the School of Management of UFPR.

	Concepts	References
Blockchain	A distributed ledger that shares information between users within a chain of linked blocks.	Fu et al. (2018)Fu, B., Shu, Z., & Liu, X. (2018). Blockchain enhanced emission trading framework in fashion apparel manufacturing industry. Sustainability, 10(4), 1–19. doi:10.3390/su10041105 https://doi.org/10.3390/su10041105... , Gaur and Gaiha (2020)Gaur, V., & Gaiha, A. (2020). Building a transparent supply chain. Harvard Business Review, 98(3), 94–103. Retrieved from https://hbr.org/2020/05/ building-a-transparent-supply-chain https://hbr.org/2020/05/ building-a-tran... , Howson (2020)Howson, P. (2020). Building trust and equity in marine conservation and fisheries supply chain management with blockchain. Marine Policy, 115, 103873. doi:10.1016/j.marpol.2020.103873 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2020.10... , Ko et al. (2018)Ko, T., Lee, J., & Ryu, D. (2018). Blockchain technology and manufacturing industry: Real-time transparency and cost savings. Sustainability, 10(11), 1–20. doi:10.3390/su10114274 https://doi.org/10.3390/su10114274... , Fraga-Lamas and Fernández-Caramés (2019)Fraga-Lamas, P., & Fernández-Caramés, T. M. (2019). A review on blockchain technologies for an advanced and cyber-resilient automotive industry. IEEE Access, 7, 17578–17598. doi:10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2895302 https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2895... , Lee, Seo, Kim, and Jeong (2018)Lee, J., Seo, A., Kim, Y., & Jeong, J. (2018). Blockchain-based one-off address system to guarantee transparency and privacy for a sustainable donation environment. Sustainability, 10(12), 1–14. doi:10.3390/su10124422 https://doi.org/10.3390/su10124422... , Nikolakis, John, and Krishnan (2018)Nikolakis, W., John, L., & Krishnan, H. (2018). How blockchain can shape sustainable global value chains: An Evidence, Verifiability, and Enforceability (EVE) Framework. Sustainability, 10(11), 1–16. doi:10.3390/su10113926 https://doi.org/10.3390/su10113926... , Oliveira et al. (2020)Oliveira, T. A., Oliver, M., & Ramalhinho, H. (2020). Challenges for connecting citizens and smart cities: ICT, e-governance and blockchain. Sustainability, 12(7), 1–21. doi:10.3390/su12072926 https://doi.org/10.3390/su12072926... , Saberi, Kouhizadeh, Sarkis, and Shen (2019)Saberi, S., Kouhizadeh, M., Sarkis, J., & Shen, L. (2019). Blockchain technology and its relationships to sustainable supply chain management. International Journal of Production Research, 57(7), 2117–2135. doi:10.1080/00207543.2018.1533261 https://doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2018.15... , Tian et al. (2020)Tian, Z., Zhong, R. Y., Vatankhah Barenji, A., Wang, Y. T., Li, Z., & Rong, Y. (2020). A blockchain-based evaluation approach for customer delivery satisfaction in sustainable urban logistics. International Journal of Production Research, 59(7), 1–21. doi:10.1080/00207543.2020.1809733 https://doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2020.18... , Tomlinson et al. (2020)Tomlinson, B., Boberg, J., Cranefield, J., Johnstone, D., Luczak-Roesch, M., Patterson, D. J., & Kapoor, S. (2020). Analyzing the sustainability of 28 “Blockchain for Good” projects via affordances and constraints. Information Technology for Development, 27(3), 1–31. doi:10.1080/02681102.2020.1828792 https://doi.org/10.1080/02681102.2020.18... , Venkatesh, Kang, Wang, Zhong, and Zhang (2020)Venkatesh, V. G., Kang, K., Wang, B., Zhong, R. Y., & Zhang, A. (2020). System architecture for blockchain based transparency of supply chain social sustainability. Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing, 63, 101896. doi:10.1016/j.rcim.2019.101896 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rcim.2019.1018... , Zhao et al. (2019)Zhao, G., Liu, S., Lopez, C., Lu, H., Elgueta, S., Chen, H., & Boshkoska, B. M. (2019). Blockchain technology in agri-food value chain management: A synthesis of applications, challenges and future research directions. Computers in Industry, 109, 83–99. doi:10.1016/j.compind.2019.04.002 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compind.2019.0... and Zhao, Guo, and Chan (2020)Zhao, F., Guo, X., & Chan, W. K. (2020). Individual green certificates on blockchain: A simulation approach. Sustainability, 12(9), 1–32. doi:10.3390/su12093942 https://doi.org/10.3390/su12093942... .
	A decentralized and encrypted system that stores and links data on each transaction users make through algorithms. It may contain public or private keys.	Bai and Sarkis (2020)Bai, C., & Sarkis, J. (2020). A supply chain transparency and sustainability technology appraisal model for blockchain technology. International Journal of Production Research, 58(7), 2142–2162. doi:10.1080/00207543.2019.1708989 https://doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2019.17... , Ebinger and Omondi (2020)Ebinger, F., & Omondi, B. (2020). Leveraging digital approaches for transparency in sustainable supply chains: A conceptual paper. Sustainability, 12(15), 1–6. doi:10.3390/su12156129 https://doi.org/10.3390/su12156129... , Kim and Shin (2019)Kim, J. S., Shin, N. (2019). The impact of blockchain technology application on supply chain partnership and performance. Sustainability, 11(21), 1–17. doi:10.3390/su11216181 https://doi.org/10.3390/su11216181... , Kouhizadeh, Saberi, and Sarkis (2021)Kouhizadeh, M., Saberi, S., & Sarkis, J. (2021). Blockchain technology and the sustainable supply chain: Theoretically exploring adoption barriers. International Journal of Production Economics, 231, 107831. doi:10.1016/j.ijpe.2020.107831 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2020.1078... , Lahkani, Wang, Urban´ski, and Egorova (2020)Lahkani, M. J., Wang, S., Urbański, M., & Egorova, M. (2020). Sustainable B2B e-commerce and blockchain-based supply chain finance. Sustainability, 12(10), 1–14. doi:10.3390/SU12103968 https://doi.org/10.3390/SU12103968... , Rane, Thakker, and Kant (2020)Rane, S. B., Thakker, S. V., & Kant, R. (2020). Stakeholders’ involvement in green supply chain: A perspective of blockchain IoT-integrated architecture. Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal, 32(6), 1166–1191. doi:10.1108/MEQ-11-2019-0248 https://doi.org/10.1108/MEQ-11-2019-0248... , Tsolakis, Niedenzu, Simonetto, Dora, and Kumar (2020)Tsolakis, N., Niedenzu, D., Simonetto, M., Dora, M., & Kumar, M. (2020). Supply network design to address United Nations Sustainable Development Goals: A case study of blockchain implementation in Thai fish industry. Journal of Business Research, 131, 1–25. doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.08.003 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.0... , Shin et al. (2020)Shin, E. J., Kang, H. G., & Bae, K. (2020). A study on the sustainable development of NPOs with blockchain technology. Sustainability, 12(15), 1–10. doi:10.3390/su12156158 https://doi.org/10.3390/su12156158... , Tan and Sundarakani (2020)Tan, W. K. A., & Sundarakani, B. (2020). Assessing +Blockchain Technology application for freight booking business: A case study from Technology Acceptance Model perspective. Journal of Global Operations and Strategic Sourcing, 14(1), 202–223. doi:10.1108/JGOSS-04-2020-0018 https://doi.org/10.1108/JGOSS-04-2020-00... , and Yadav and Singh (2020)Yadav, S., & Singh, S. P. (2020). An integrated fuzzy-ANP and fuzzy-ISM approach using blockchain for sustainable supply chain. Journal of Enterprise Information Management, 34(1), 54–78. doi:10.1108/JEIM-09-2019-0301 https://doi.org/10.1108/JEIM-09-2019-030... .
	A digital and decentralized database that may contain any kind of information with defined rules for encrypted information updates.	Kamblea, Gunasekaranb, and Sharmaa (2020)Kamble, S. S., Gunasekaran, A., & Sharma, R. (2020). Modeling the blockchain enabled traceability in agriculture supply chain. International Journal of Information Management, 52, 1–16. doi:10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2019.05.023 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2019... .
Transparency	It is related to the real-time spread and accessibility of data by all users of a system.	Bai and Sarkis (2020)Bai, C., & Sarkis, J. (2020). A supply chain transparency and sustainability technology appraisal model for blockchain technology. International Journal of Production Research, 58(7), 2142–2162. doi:10.1080/00207543.2019.1708989 https://doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2019.17... , Fu et al. (2018)Fu, B., Shu, Z., & Liu, X. (2018). Blockchain enhanced emission trading framework in fashion apparel manufacturing industry. Sustainability, 10(4), 1–19. doi:10.3390/su10041105 https://doi.org/10.3390/su10041105... , Howson (2020)Howson, P. (2020). Building trust and equity in marine conservation and fisheries supply chain management with blockchain. Marine Policy, 115, 103873. doi:10.1016/j.marpol.2020.103873 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2020.10... , Kamblea et al. (2020)Kamble, S. S., Gunasekaran, A., & Sharma, R. (2020). Modeling the blockchain enabled traceability in agriculture supply chain. International Journal of Information Management, 52, 1–16. doi:10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2019.05.023 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2019... Kim and Shin (2019)Kim, J. S., Shin, N. (2019). The impact of blockchain technology application on supply chain partnership and performance. Sustainability, 11(21), 1–17. doi:10.3390/su11216181 https://doi.org/10.3390/su11216181... , Ko et al. (2018)Ko, T., Lee, J., & Ryu, D. (2018). Blockchain technology and manufacturing industry: Real-time transparency and cost savings. Sustainability, 10(11), 1–20. doi:10.3390/su10114274 https://doi.org/10.3390/su10114274... , Kouhizadeh et al. (2021)Kouhizadeh, M., Saberi, S., & Sarkis, J. (2021). Blockchain technology and the sustainable supply chain: Theoretically exploring adoption barriers. International Journal of Production Economics, 231, 107831. doi:10.1016/j.ijpe.2020.107831 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2020.1078... , Fraga-Lamas and Fernández-Caramés (2019)Fraga-Lamas, P., & Fernández-Caramés, T. M. (2019). A review on blockchain technologies for an advanced and cyber-resilient automotive industry. IEEE Access, 7, 17578–17598. doi:10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2895302 https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2895... , Lahkani et al. (2020)Lahkani, M. J., Wang, S., Urbański, M., & Egorova, M. (2020). Sustainable B2B e-commerce and blockchain-based supply chain finance. Sustainability, 12(10), 1–14. doi:10.3390/SU12103968 https://doi.org/10.3390/SU12103968... , Lee et al. (2018)Lee, J., Seo, A., Kim, Y., & Jeong, J. (2018). Blockchain-based one-off address system to guarantee transparency and privacy for a sustainable donation environment. Sustainability, 10(12), 1–14. doi:10.3390/su10124422 https://doi.org/10.3390/su10124422... , Nikolakis et al. (2018)Nikolakis, W., John, L., & Krishnan, H. (2018). How blockchain can shape sustainable global value chains: An Evidence, Verifiability, and Enforceability (EVE) Framework. Sustainability, 10(11), 1–16. doi:10.3390/su10113926 https://doi.org/10.3390/su10113926... , Rane et al. (2020)Rane, S. B., Thakker, S. V., & Kant, R. (2020). Stakeholders’ involvement in green supply chain: A perspective of blockchain IoT-integrated architecture. Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal, 32(6), 1166–1191. doi:10.1108/MEQ-11-2019-0248 https://doi.org/10.1108/MEQ-11-2019-0248... , Saberi et al. (2019)Saberi, S., Kouhizadeh, M., Sarkis, J., & Shen, L. (2019). Blockchain technology and its relationships to sustainable supply chain management. International Journal of Production Research, 57(7), 2117–2135. doi:10.1080/00207543.2018.1533261 https://doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2018.15... , Tomlinson et al. (2020)Tomlinson, B., Boberg, J., Cranefield, J., Johnstone, D., Luczak-Roesch, M., Patterson, D. J., & Kapoor, S. (2020). Analyzing the sustainability of 28 “Blockchain for Good” projects via affordances and constraints. Information Technology for Development, 27(3), 1–31. doi:10.1080/02681102.2020.1828792 https://doi.org/10.1080/02681102.2020.18... , Tsolakis et al. (2020)Tsolakis, N., Niedenzu, D., Simonetto, M., Dora, M., & Kumar, M. (2020). Supply network design to address United Nations Sustainable Development Goals: A case study of blockchain implementation in Thai fish industry. Journal of Business Research, 131, 1–25. doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.08.003 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.0... , Venkatesh et al. (2020)Venkatesh, V. G., Kang, K., Wang, B., Zhong, R. Y., & Zhang, A. (2020). System architecture for blockchain based transparency of supply chain social sustainability. Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing, 63, 101896. doi:10.1016/j.rcim.2019.101896 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rcim.2019.1018... , Yadav and Singh (2020)Yadav, S., & Singh, S. P. (2020). An integrated fuzzy-ANP and fuzzy-ISM approach using blockchain for sustainable supply chain. Journal of Enterprise Information Management, 34(1), 54–78. doi:10.1108/JEIM-09-2019-0301 https://doi.org/10.1108/JEIM-09-2019-030... , Zhao et al. (2019)Zhao, G., Liu, S., Lopez, C., Lu, H., Elgueta, S., Chen, H., & Boshkoska, B. M. (2019). Blockchain technology in agri-food value chain management: A synthesis of applications, challenges and future research directions. Computers in Industry, 109, 83–99. doi:10.1016/j.compind.2019.04.002 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compind.2019.0... , Zhao et al. (2020)Zhao, F., Guo, X., & Chan, W. K. (2020). Individual green certificates on blockchain: A simulation approach. Sustainability, 12(9), 1–32. doi:10.3390/su12093942 https://doi.org/10.3390/su12093942... , and Gaur and Gaiha (2020)Gaur, V., & Gaiha, A. (2020). Building a transparent supply chain. Harvard Business Review, 98(3), 94–103. Retrieved from https://hbr.org/2020/05/ building-a-transparent-supply-chain https://hbr.org/2020/05/ building-a-tran... .
Transparency	It is linked to the spread of relevant information that supports a sustainable and trustworthy relationship with stakeholders.	Ebinger and Omondi (2020)Ebinger, F., & Omondi, B. (2020). Leveraging digital approaches for transparency in sustainable supply chains: A conceptual paper. Sustainability, 12(15), 1–6. doi:10.3390/su12156129 https://doi.org/10.3390/su12156129... , Oliveira et al. (2020)Oliveira, T. A., Oliver, M., & Ramalhinho, H. (2020). Challenges for connecting citizens and smart cities: ICT, e-governance and blockchain. Sustainability, 12(7), 1–21. doi:10.3390/su12072926 https://doi.org/10.3390/su12072926... , Tan and Sundarakani (2020)Tan, W. K. A., & Sundarakani, B. (2020). Assessing +Blockchain Technology application for freight booking business: A case study from Technology Acceptance Model perspective. Journal of Global Operations and Strategic Sourcing, 14(1), 202–223. doi:10.1108/JGOSS-04-2020-0018 https://doi.org/10.1108/JGOSS-04-2020-00... , Tian et al. (2020)Tian, Z., Zhong, R. Y., Vatankhah Barenji, A., Wang, Y. T., Li, Z., & Rong, Y. (2020). A blockchain-based evaluation approach for customer delivery satisfaction in sustainable urban logistics. International Journal of Production Research, 59(7), 1–21. doi:10.1080/00207543.2020.1809733 https://doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2020.18... , and Shin et al. (2020)Shin, E. J., Kang, H. G., & Bae, K. (2020). A study on the sustainable development of NPOs with blockchain technology. Sustainability, 12(15), 1–10. doi:10.3390/su12156158 https://doi.org/10.3390/su12156158... .

	Internal	External	Sector	References
Economic	Fraud reduction; inventory and cost reduction; risk mitigation; improvement in quality decision-making; agility in payment.	Reduction of intermediaries; increased transparency and trust, stimulating donations and credit; more assertive communication between stakeholders.	Supply chain, NGOs, industry.	Gaur and Gaiha (2020)Gaur, V., & Gaiha, A. (2020). Building a transparent supply chain. Harvard Business Review, 98(3), 94–103. Retrieved from https://hbr.org/2020/05/ building-a-transparent-supply-chain https://hbr.org/2020/05/ building-a-tran... , Ko et al. (2018)Ko, T., Lee, J., & Ryu, D. (2018). Blockchain technology and manufacturing industry: Real-time transparency and cost savings. Sustainability, 10(11), 1–20. doi:10.3390/su10114274 https://doi.org/10.3390/su10114274... , Lahkani et al. (2020)Lahkani, M. J., Wang, S., Urbański, M., & Egorova, M. (2020). Sustainable B2B e-commerce and blockchain-based supply chain finance. Sustainability, 12(10), 1–14. doi:10.3390/SU12103968 https://doi.org/10.3390/SU12103968... , Kim and Shin (2019)Kim, J. S., Shin, N. (2019). The impact of blockchain technology application on supply chain partnership and performance. Sustainability, 11(21), 1–17. doi:10.3390/su11216181 https://doi.org/10.3390/su11216181... , Shin et al. (2020)Shin, E. J., Kang, H. G., & Bae, K. (2020). A study on the sustainable development of NPOs with blockchain technology. Sustainability, 12(15), 1–10. doi:10.3390/su12156158 https://doi.org/10.3390/su12156158... , and Tan and Sundarakani (2020)Tan, W. K. A., & Sundarakani, B. (2020). Assessing +Blockchain Technology application for freight booking business: A case study from Technology Acceptance Model perspective. Journal of Global Operations and Strategic Sourcing, 14(1), 202–223. doi:10.1108/JGOSS-04-2020-0018 https://doi.org/10.1108/JGOSS-04-2020-00... .
Social	Human and labor rights.	Credit for small organizations; more credibility when managing donations.	Supply chain, NGOs.	Lee et al. (2018)Lee, J., Seo, A., Kim, Y., & Jeong, J. (2018). Blockchain-based one-off address system to guarantee transparency and privacy for a sustainable donation environment. Sustainability, 10(12), 1–14. doi:10.3390/su10124422 https://doi.org/10.3390/su10124422... and Venkatesh et al. (2020)Venkatesh, V. G., Kang, K., Wang, B., Zhong, R. Y., & Zhang, A. (2020). System architecture for blockchain based transparency of supply chain social sustainability. Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing, 63, 101896. doi:10.1016/j.rcim.2019.101896 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rcim.2019.1018... .
Environmental	Reliable and quick sale and purchase of carbon credit; digital “green” certificates; more efficient management of resources, inputs, waste, and recycling materials; decrease of food waste.	Food safety; Helps the circular economy; safety and information to stakeholders about the environmental impact; quality food to the consumer.	Supply chain, NGOs, agribusiness, industry, and certificates.	Ebinger and Omondi (2020)Ebinger, F., & Omondi, B. (2020). Leveraging digital approaches for transparency in sustainable supply chains: A conceptual paper. Sustainability, 12(15), 1–6. doi:10.3390/su12156129 https://doi.org/10.3390/su12156129... , Fu et al. (2018)Fu, B., Shu, Z., & Liu, X. (2018). Blockchain enhanced emission trading framework in fashion apparel manufacturing industry. Sustainability, 10(4), 1–19. doi:10.3390/su10041105 https://doi.org/10.3390/su10041105... , Howson (2020)Howson, P. (2020). Building trust and equity in marine conservation and fisheries supply chain management with blockchain. Marine Policy, 115, 103873. doi:10.1016/j.marpol.2020.103873 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2020.10... , Kouhizadeh et al. (2021)Kouhizadeh, M., Saberi, S., & Sarkis, J. (2021). Blockchain technology and the sustainable supply chain: Theoretically exploring adoption barriers. International Journal of Production Economics, 231, 107831. doi:10.1016/j.ijpe.2020.107831 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2020.1078... , Nikolakis et al. (2018)Nikolakis, W., John, L., & Krishnan, H. (2018). How blockchain can shape sustainable global value chains: An Evidence, Verifiability, and Enforceability (EVE) Framework. Sustainability, 10(11), 1–16. doi:10.3390/su10113926 https://doi.org/10.3390/su10113926... , Zhao et al. (2019)Zhao, G., Liu, S., Lopez, C., Lu, H., Elgueta, S., Chen, H., & Boshkoska, B. M. (2019). Blockchain technology in agri-food value chain management: A synthesis of applications, challenges and future research directions. Computers in Industry, 109, 83–99. doi:10.1016/j.compind.2019.04.002 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compind.2019.0... , and Zhao et al. (2020)Zhao, F., Guo, X., & Chan, W. K. (2020). Individual green certificates on blockchain: A simulation approach. Sustainability, 12(9), 1–32. doi:10.3390/su12093942 https://doi.org/10.3390/su12093942... .
Socioeconomic	Public management with more transparency.	Public transport planning.	Supply chain	Bai and Sarkis (2020)Bai, C., & Sarkis, J. (2020). A supply chain transparency and sustainability technology appraisal model for blockchain technology. International Journal of Production Research, 58(7), 2142–2162. doi:10.1080/00207543.2019.1708989 https://doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2019.17... and Tian et al. (2020)Tian, Z., Zhong, R. Y., Vatankhah Barenji, A., Wang, Y. T., Li, Z., & Rong, Y. (2020). A blockchain-based evaluation approach for customer delivery satisfaction in sustainable urban logistics. International Journal of Production Research, 59(7), 1–21. doi:10.1080/00207543.2020.1809733 https://doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2020.18... .
Eco-efficiency (economic and environmental)	Efficient resource management; assurance of input security.	Increased transparency and trust among stakeholders.	Supply chain	Kamblea et al. (2020)Kamble, S. S., Gunasekaran, A., & Sharma, R. (2020). Modeling the blockchain enabled traceability in agriculture supply chain. International Journal of Information Management, 52, 1–16. doi:10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2019.05.023 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2019... and Rane et al. (2020)Rane, S. B., Thakker, S. V., & Kant, R. (2020). Stakeholders’ involvement in green supply chain: A perspective of blockchain IoT-integrated architecture. Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal, 32(6), 1166–1191. doi:10.1108/MEQ-11-2019-0248 https://doi.org/10.1108/MEQ-11-2019-0248... .
Socioenvironmental (social and environmental)	Not found.	Not found.	Not found.	Not found.
Sustainability (economic, social, and environmental)	Efficient and transparent management.	Clear relationship with stakeholders.	Supply chain, industry, NGOs.	Fraga-Lamas and Fernández-Caramés (2019)Fraga-Lamas, P., & Fernández-Caramés, T. M. (2019). A review on blockchain technologies for an advanced and cyber-resilient automotive industry. IEEE Access, 7, 17578–17598. doi:10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2895302 https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2895... , Oliveira et al. (2020)Oliveira, T. A., Oliver, M., & Ramalhinho, H. (2020). Challenges for connecting citizens and smart cities: ICT, e-governance and blockchain. Sustainability, 12(7), 1–21. doi:10.3390/su12072926 https://doi.org/10.3390/su12072926... , Saberi et al. (2019)Saberi, S., Kouhizadeh, M., Sarkis, J., & Shen, L. (2019). Blockchain technology and its relationships to sustainable supply chain management. International Journal of Production Research, 57(7), 2117–2135. doi:10.1080/00207543.2018.1533261 https://doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2018.15... , Tomlinson et al. (2020)Tomlinson, B., Boberg, J., Cranefield, J., Johnstone, D., Luczak-Roesch, M., Patterson, D. J., & Kapoor, S. (2020). Analyzing the sustainability of 28 “Blockchain for Good” projects via affordances and constraints. Information Technology for Development, 27(3), 1–31. doi:10.1080/02681102.2020.1828792 https://doi.org/10.1080/02681102.2020.18... , Tsolakis et al. (2020)Tsolakis, N., Niedenzu, D., Simonetto, M., Dora, M., & Kumar, M. (2020). Supply network design to address United Nations Sustainable Development Goals: A case study of blockchain implementation in Thai fish industry. Journal of Business Research, 131, 1–25. doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.08.003 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.0... , and Yadav and Singh (2020)Yadav, S., & Singh, S. P. (2020). An integrated fuzzy-ANP and fuzzy-ISM approach using blockchain for sustainable supply chain. Journal of Enterprise Information Management, 34(1), 54–78. doi:10.1108/JEIM-09-2019-0301 https://doi.org/10.1108/JEIM-09-2019-030... .

[1] Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Farley S. M. Nobre, Avenida Prefeito Lothario Meissner, 632, Jardim Botânico, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil, CEP 80210-170. E-mail: f.nobre@ufpr.br or fsmnobre@gmail.com

Brasil

Brasil

IMPLICATIONS OF BLOCKCHAIN AND TRANSPARENCY FOR BUSINESS SUSTAINABILITY: AN INTEGRATIVE REVIEW

ABSTRACT

Purpose:

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