CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES AND USES OF ANACARDIACEAE SPECIES: AN UPDATED REVIEW

Cunha, André Barreto; David, Jorge Mauricio

doi:10.21577/0100-4042.20230101

André Barreto Cunha ^**e-mail: jmdavid@ufba.br; andrebarretoc@outlook.com

Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 40170-280 Salvador – BA, Brasil

Jorge Mauricio David ^**e-mail: jmdavid@ufba.br; andrebarretoc@outlook.com

Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 40170-280 Salvador – BA, Brasil

*e-mail: jmdavid@ufba.br; andrebarretoc@outlook.com

Figures (15)
Tables (7)

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Figure 1
Structures of terpenes and terpenoids obtained from plants of different Anacardiaceae species

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Figure 2
Flavonoids and biflavonoids isolated from plants of different Anacardiaceae species

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Figure 3
Alkyl, alkenylphenols and acids isolated from several Anacardiaceae species

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Figure 4
Miscellaneous compounds obtained from different Anacardiaceae spp

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Figure 5
Some bioactive compounds from Mangifera indica

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Figure 6
Scheme of reduction of moronic acid (100) to morolic (101) and acridocarpusic (102) acids

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Figure 7
Chalcone-flavones from Terminthia paniculata

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Figure 8
Compounds from active extracts of Lannea stuhlmannii and L. humilis

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Figure 9
Structures of lanneaflavonol (117) and dihydrolanneaflavonol (118) isolated from L. alata roots

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Figure 10
Pistagremic acid (119) isolated from Pistacia integeriima and of pleiogenones A-C (120-122) obtained from Pleiogynium timoriense

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Figure 11
New bioactive alkyl and alkenyl cyclohexenone derivatives and sulphorated quercentin from P. borbonica and alkenyl derivatives from T. guianensis

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Figure 12
3-oxo-5α-lanosta-8,24-dien-21-oic and 3β-hydroxylanosta-9,24-dien-24-oic acids with anti-platelet aggregation activities from P. longifolia

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Figure 13
The biosynthetic pathway of phenolic lipids according to the experiments with Azotobacter vinelandii (adapted from Miyanaga)¹⁶⁷167 Miyanaga, A.; Biosci., Biotechnol., Biochem. 2017, 81, 2227. [Crossref ]
Crossref...

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Figure 14
(a) Structures of potential PKS starters used as test substrates. (b) Proposed structures to the tri- or tetraketides obtained by optimized enzymatic assays using theonellid sponges (CepA pathway)

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Figure 15
(A) Scheme of the Srs biosynthetic pathway and (B) proposed mechanism of biosynthesis of alkylresorcinol methyl ester by SrsA and SrsB with the mediation of S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) (adapted from Nakano)¹⁶⁹169 Nakano, C.; Ohnishi, Y.; Funa, N.; Horinouchi, S.; J. Bacteriol. 2012, 194, 1544. [Crossref ]
Crossref...

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Table 1
Relative composition (%) of the more abundant compounds in the essential oils from some Mangifera indica⁷7 Simionatto, E.; Peres, M. T. L. P.; Hess, S. C.; da Silva, C. B.; Chagas, M. O.; Poppi, N. R.; Prates, C. B.; Matos, M. F. C.; Santos, E. C. S.; de Carvalho, J. E.; J. Essent. Oil Res. 2010, 22, 596. [Crossref ]
Crossref... , ⁸8 Nyegue, M. A.; Kemegne, G. A.; Kamdem, S. L. S.; François-Xavier, E.; Menut, C.; Nat. Prod. Commun. 2018, 13, 903. [Crossref ]
Crossref... varieties

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Table 2
Relative composition (%) of the most abundant essential oils from Rhus cotinus ⁹9 Joshi, S. C.; Mathela, C. S.; J. Nat. Prod. Plant Resour. 2014, 4, 39. [Link] accessed in August 2023
Link... , ¹⁰10 Ulukanli, Z.; Karabörklü, S.; Bozok, F.; Çenet, M.; Öztürk, B.; Balcilar, M.; Nat. Prod. Res. 2014, 28, 2150. [Crossref ]
Crossref... , ¹¹11 Fraternale, D.; Ricci, D.; Nat. Prod. Commun. 2018, 13, 1175. [Crossref ]
Crossref...

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Table 3
Relative composition (%) of the most abundant essential oils from Pistacia spp.¹²12 Negro, C.; De Bellis, L.; Miceli, A.; J. Essent. Oil Res. 2015, 27, 23. [Crossref ]
Crossref... , ¹³13 Tabanca, N.; Nalbantsoy, A.; Kendra, P. E.; Demirci, F.; Demirci, B.; Molecules 2020, 25, 2136. [Crossref ]
Crossref... , ¹⁴14 Abed, A.; Rachid, D.; Catherine, M.; Ismahene, S.; Aicha, L.; Nadia, B.; Hichem, D.; Charef, R.; Mehdi, E.; Farida, T.; Mounira, O. K.; Lahouari, D.; Int. J. Biosci. 2017, 10, 146. [Crossref ]
Crossref... , ¹⁵15 Komaitis, M.; Gardeli, C.; Papageorgiou, V. ; Mallouchos, A.; Theodosis, K.; Food Chem. 2008, 107, 1120. [Crossref ]
Crossref... , ¹⁶16 Hadjari, A.; Pulaj, B.; Mustafa, B.; Nelson, K.; Quave, C. L.; BMC Complementary Altern. Med. 2016, 16, 147. [Crossref ]
Crossref... , ¹⁷17 Ulukanli, Z.; Karabörklü, S.; Öztürk, B.; Çenet, M.; Balcilar, M.; J. Food Process. Preserv. 2014, 38, 815. [Crossref ]
Crossref... , ¹⁸18 Abolghasemi, A.; Shojaaddini, M.; Tajabadipour, A.; Sefidkon, F.; J. Essent.Oil Bear. Plants 2018, 21, 796. [Crossref ]
Crossref... , ¹⁹19 Ismail, A.; Lamia, H.; Mohsen, H.; Samia, G.; Bassem, J.; Sci. Int. 2013, 1, 148. [Crossref ]
Crossref...

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Table 4
Relative composition (%) of the most abundant essential oils from Spondias spp.²²22 Ren, L.; Jing, Y. J.; Zhen, S. X.; Fei, W. Y. ; Corlett, R. T.; Kai, X. Y. ; Bin, H. H.; Molecules 2020, 25, 343. [Crossref ]
Crossref... , ²³23 Oladimeji, A. O.; Aliyu, M. B.; Ogundajo, A. L.; Babatunde, O.; Adeniran, O. I.; Balogun, O. S.; Pharm. Biol. 2016, 54, 2674. [Crossref ]
Crossref...

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Table 5
Relative composition (%) of the most abundant essential oils from different parts of Schinus spp.²⁴24 Lago, J. H. G.; Santana, J. S.; Sartorelli, P.; Guadagnin, R. C.; Matsuo, A. L.; Figueiredo, C. R.; Soares, M. G.; da Silva, A. M.; Pharm. Biol. 2012, 50, 1248. [Crossref ]
Crossref... , ²⁵25 Gazim, Z. C.; Bortolucci, W. C.; de Oliveira, H. L. M.; Silva, E. S.; Vilas Boas, M. R.; de Carvalho, T. M.; Campo, C. F. A. A.; Gonçalves, J. E.; Piau Júnior, R.; Aust. J. Crop Sci. 2018, 12, 1645. [Crossref ]
Crossref... , ²⁶26 Fernandes, M. Z. L. C. M.; Zanini, S. F.; Affonso, C. R. G.; Fernandes, R. M.; de Oliveira, J. M. G.; Martins, M. C. C.; de Lima, S. G.; Souza Júnior, G. R.; J. Braz. Chem. Soc. 2012, 23, 180. [Crossref ]
Crossref... , ²⁷27 Sartorelli, P. ; Santana, J. S.; Guadagnin, R. C.; Lago, J. H. G.; Pinto, E. G.; Tempone, A. G.; Stefani, H. A.; Soares, M. G.; da Silva, A. M.; Quim. Nova 2012, 35, 743. [Crossref ]
Crossref... , ²⁸28 dos Santos, A. C.; Rossato, M.; Agostini, F.; Serafni, L. A.; dos Santos, P. L.; Molon, R.; Dellacassa, E.; Moyna, P.; J. Essent. Oil Bear. Plan. 2009, 12, 16. [Crossref ]
Crossref... , ²⁹29 Pawlowski, A.; Kaltchuk-Santos, E.; Zini, C. A.; Caramão, E. B.; Soares, G. L. G.; S. Afr. J. Bot. 2012, 80, 96. [Crossref ]
Crossref... , ³⁰30 Chaves, D. S. A.; Cavalcanti, A. S.; Alves, M. S.; da Silva, L. C. P.; Patrocínio, D. S.; Sanches, M. N.; de Souza, M. A. A.; Rev. Bras. Farmacogn. 2015, 25, 356. [Crossref ]
Crossref... , ³¹31 Barbosa, L. C. A.; Montanari, R. M.; Demuner, A. J.; Silva, C. J.; Andrade, N. J.; Ismail, F. M. D.; Barbosa, M. C. A.; Molecules 2012, 17, 9728. [Crossref ]
Crossref... , ³²32 Simionatto, E.; Chagas, M. O.; Peres, M. T. L. P.; Hess. S. C.; da Silva, C. B.; Ré-Poppi, N.; Gebara, S. S.; Corsino, J.; Morel, A. F.; Stuker, C. Z.; Matos, M. F. C.; de Carvalho, J. E.; J. Essent.Oil Bear. Plants 2011, 14, 590. [Crossref ]
Crossref... , ³³33 Afifi, F. U.; Aboalhaija, N. H.; Awwad, O.; Khalil, E.; Abbassi, R.; Abaza, I. F.; Chem. Biodiversity 2019, 16, e1900388. [Crossref ]
Crossref... , ³⁴34 Budel, J. M.; Machado, C. D.; Raman, V.; Rehman, J. U.; Maia, B. H. L. N. S.; Meneghetti, E. K.; Almeida, V. P.; Silva, R. Z.; Farago, P. V. ; Khan, I. A.; Rev. Bras. Farmacogn. 2019, 29, 1. [Crossref ]
Crossref... , ³⁵35 Rodilla, J. M.; Rocha, P. M. M.; Diéz, D.; Elder, H.; Guala, M. S.; Silva, L. A.; Pombo, E. B.; Molecules 2012, 17, 12023. [Crossref ]
Crossref... , ³⁶36 Machado, M. M.; de Campos, M. M. A.; Duarte, J. A.; Zambrano, L. A. B.; Quintana, L. D.; Rocha, M. B.; Schmitt, E. G.; Boligon, A. A.; de Oliveira, L. F. S.; J. Evidence-Based Complementary Altern. Med. 2018, 1, 1. [Crossref ]
Crossref... , ³⁷37 Descamps, L. R.; Chopa, C. S.; Ferrero, A. A.; Nat. Prod. Commun. 2011, 6, 887. [Crossref ]
Crossref... , ³⁸38 Murray, A. P.; Gurovic, M. S. V. ; Rodríguez, S. A.; Murray, M. G.; Ferrero, A. A.; Nat. Prod. Commun. 2009, 4, 873. [Crossref ]
Crossref...

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Table 6
Relative composition (%) of the most abundant essential oils from other Anacardiaceae species⁴²42 Cardoso, C. A. L.; Jeller, A. H.; Ré-Poppi, N.; Coelho, R. M.; Yasunaka, D. S.; Schleder, J. D. E.; J. Essent. Oil Res. 2010, 22, 469. [Crossref ]
Crossref... , ⁴³43 Carvalho, C. E. S.; Sobrinho-Júnior, E. P. C.; Brito, L. M.; Nicolau, L. A. D.; Carvalho, T. P.; Moura, A. K. S.; Rodrigues, K. A. F.; Carneiro, S. M. P.; Arcanjo, D. D. R.; Citó, A. M. G. L.; Carvalho, F. A. A.; Exp. Parasitol. 2017, 175, 59. [Crossref ]
Crossref... , ⁴⁴44 Tintino, S. R.; Figueredo, F. G.; Lucena, B. F. F.; Matias, E. F. F.; Leite, N. F.; Andrade, J. C.; Nogueira, L. F. B.; Morais, E. C.; Costa, J. G. M.; Coutinho, H. D. M.; Rodrigues, F. F. G.; Pharm. Biol. 2014, 52, 560. [Crossref ]
Crossref... , ⁴⁵45 Zoghbi, M. G. B.; Pereira, R. A.; de Lima, G. S. L.; Bastos, M. N. C.; Quim. Nova 2014, 37, 1188. [Crossref ]
Crossref...

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Table 7
Biological activities in vitro of different extracts in other Anacardiaceae spp.

Compounds	Leaves (var. coquinho) (%)		Barks (%)
Sesquiterpene hydrocarbons	α-gurjunene	24.0
	β-selinene	24.0
	β-caryophyllene	11.2	60.3
	α-humulene	7.2	36.7
Oxygenated sesquiterpenes	caryophyllene oxide	5.5
Oxygenated sesquiterpenes	humulene epoxide	2.4

Subgroup	Compounds	Fresh aerial parts⁹9 Joshi, S. C.; Mathela, C. S.; J. Nat. Prod. Plant Resour. 2014, 4, 39. [Link] accessed in August 2023 Link... (%)	Leaves¹⁰10 Ulukanli, Z.; Karabörklü, S.; Bozok, F.; Çenet, M.; Öztürk, B.; Balcilar, M.; Nat. Prod. Res. 2014, 28, 2150. [Crossref ] Crossref... (%)	Flowering aerial parts¹¹11 Fraternale, D.; Ricci, D.; Nat. Prod. Commun. 2018, 13, 1175. [Crossref ] Crossref... (%)
Monoterpene hydrocarbons [66.4-79.6]	α-pinene	5.2	43.1	8.8
	β-pinene	30.6	3.4	n.d.
	limonene	12.4	21.3	49.2
	camphene	13.6	n.d.	n.d.
	p-cymene	4.6	n.d.	n.d.
	β-myrcene	n.d.	8.5	n.d.
	α-terpinene	n.d.	3.3	n.d.
	(Z)-β-ocimene	n.d.	n.d.	13.6
	(E)-β-ocimene	n.d.	n.d.	5.9
Sesquiterpene hydrocarbons [0-21.4]	β-caryophyllene	4.4	2.4	n.d.
	bicyclogermacrene	12.6	n.d.	n.d.
	germacrene D	2.0	n.d.	n.d.
Oxygenated monoterpenes [0-5.0]	α-terpinolene	n.d.	5.0	n.d.

P. lentiscus L.¹²12 Negro, C.; De Bellis, L.; Miceli, A.; J. Essent. Oil Res. 2015, 27, 23. [Crossref ] Crossref... , ¹³13 Tabanca, N.; Nalbantsoy, A.; Kendra, P. E.; Demirci, F.; Demirci, B.; Molecules 2020, 25, 2136. [Crossref ] Crossref... , ¹⁴14 Abed, A.; Rachid, D.; Catherine, M.; Ismahene, S.; Aicha, L.; Nadia, B.; Hichem, D.; Charef, R.; Mehdi, E.; Farida, T.; Mounira, O. K.; Lahouari, D.; Int. J. Biosci. 2017, 10, 146. [Crossref ] Crossref... , ¹⁵15 Komaitis, M.; Gardeli, C.; Papageorgiou, V. ; Mallouchos, A.; Theodosis, K.; Food Chem. 2008, 107, 1120. [Crossref ] Crossref...		Variation (%)
Monoterpene hydrocarbons [77.0-85.0]	α-pinene	[2.4-70.8]
	β-pinene	[0.3-9.6]
	limonene	[1.0-17.8]
	β-myrcene/myrcene	[2.5-20.1]
	sabinene	[1.0-6.7]
	γ-terpinene	[3.10-6.21]
	α-terpinolene	[2.18-2.20]
	p-cymene	[0.5-7.5]
Oxygenated monoterpenes [6.0-23.1]	erpinen-4-ol	[0.7-21.7]
Oxygenated monoterpenes [6.0-23.1]	α-terpineol	[2.5-4.0]
Sesquiterpene hydrocarbons [5.0-28.1]	β-caryophyllene/caryophyllene	[2.6-19.9]
	δ-cadinene	11.7
	α-muurolene	[0.1-6.9]
P. terebinthus L.¹⁶16 Hadjari, A.; Pulaj, B.; Mustafa, B.; Nelson, K.; Quave, C. L.; BMC Complementary Altern. Med. 2016, 16, 147. [Crossref ] Crossref... , ¹⁷17 Ulukanli, Z.; Karabörklü, S.; Öztürk, B.; Çenet, M.; Balcilar, M.; J. Food Process. Preserv. 2014, 38, 815. [Crossref ] Crossref...
Monoterpene hydrocarbons [63.90-98.94]	α-pinene	[12.58-66.29]
	D-limonene//limonene	[13.95-46.29]
	(E)-β-ocimene//(Z)-β-ocimene	[40.49-44.85]
	β-pinene	[1.99-20.47]
	sabinene	[5.61-15.43]
	α-phellandrene	2.51
	β-phellandrene	3.21
	β-myrcene	2.79
	τ-terpinene	2.46
	ο-cymene	4.72
Oxygenated monoterpenes	terpinen-4-ol	9.65
Sesquiterpene hydrocarbons	β-cubebene	2.61
Oxygenated sesquiterpenes	caryophyllene oxide	1.66
P. khinjuk Stocks¹⁸18 Abolghasemi, A.; Shojaaddini, M.; Tajabadipour, A.; Sefidkon, F.; J. Essent.Oil Bear. Plants 2018, 21, 796. [Crossref ] Crossref...
Monoterpene hydrocarbons	myrcene	18.7
Oxygenated sesquiterpenes [26.5]	α-eudesmol	12.3
	β-eudesmol	9.3
	δ-eudesmol	4.9
Sesquiterpene hydrocarbons [12.9]	1,7-di-epi-β-cedrene	7.3
Sesquiterpene hydrocarbons [12.9]	bicyclogermacrene	5.6
P. vera ¹⁹19 Ismail, A.; Lamia, H.; Mohsen, H.; Samia, G.; Bassem, J.; Sci. Int. 2013, 1, 148. [Crossref ] Crossref...
Monoterpene hydrocarbons	α-pinene	16.07
	β-pinene	2.32
	α-terpinene	[32.44-41.34]
	limonene	25.10
	α-terpinolene	[1.13-8.02]
	β-myrcene	1.29
	α-phellandrene	3.85
	δ-terpinene	6.99
Oxygenated monoterpenes	α-terpineol	[2.14-4.52]
	terpen-4-ol	1.38
	isobornyl acetate	1.74
Sesquiterpene hydrocarbons	germacrene D	8.4
	β-bourbonene	1.2
	β-elemene	1.3
	β-bisabolene	1.6
	α-copaene	1.1
	β-caryophyllene/(Z)-caryophyllene	3.67
	δ-cadinene	1.41
Oxygenated sesquiterpenes	caryophyllene oxide	[1.10-1.51]
Oxygenated sesquiterpenes	α-cadinol	[1.90-2.12]

S. pinnata²²22 Ren, L.; Jing, Y. J.; Zhen, S. X.; Fei, W. Y. ; Corlett, R. T.; Kai, X. Y. ; Bin, H. H.; Molecules 2020, 25, 343. [Crossref ] Crossref... (L. Pinn) Kurz (fruit peels)		Variation (%)
Aliphatic compounds [39.42%]	ethyl benzoate	9.05
	methyl salicylate	5.88
	(Z)-3-hexen-1-ol	4.88
	2-hexenal	4.17
Monoterpene hydrocarbons [29.62%]	α-terpineol	13.09
	γ-terpineol	5.55
	terpinen-4-ol	2.66
	limonene	2.04
	isoborneol	1.04
Aromatics [22.03%]	furfural	17.14
Aromatics [22.03%]	ethyl cinnamate	3.55
S. mombin Linn²³23 Oladimeji, A. O.; Aliyu, M. B.; Ogundajo, A. L.; Babatunde, O.; Adeniran, O. I.; Balogun, O. S.; Pharm. Biol. 2016, 54, 2674. [Crossref ] Crossref...		fresh leaves (%)	dried leaves (%)
Sesquiterpene hydrocarbons [67.4-76.66%]	β-caryophyllene	27.96	30.90
	γ-cadinene	12.30	9.7
	α-humulene	8.1	5.4
	β-cadinene	7.8	6.6
	α-gurjunene	6.4	7.4
	α-muurolene	5.9	4.2
	β-elemene	4.2	3.2
	γ-muurolene	4.0	-
Oxygenated monoterpenes [9.9-13.2%]	geranial	3.7	3.8
Oxygenated monoterpenes [9.9-13.2%]	neral	6.2	9.4
Oxygenated sesquiterpenes [13.3-15.7%]	caryophyllene oxide	6.9	6.2
Oxygenated sesquiterpenes [13.3-15.7%]	5-isocedranol	6.4	9.5

Table 5 Relative composition (%) of the most abundant essential oils from different parts of Schinus spp.²⁴24 Lago, J. H. G.; Santana, J. S.; Sartorelli, P.; Guadagnin, R. C.; Matsuo, A. L.; Figueiredo, C. R.; Soares, M. G.; da Silva, A. M.; Pharm. Biol. 2012, 50, 1248. [Crossref ]
Crossref... , ²⁵25 Gazim, Z. C.; Bortolucci, W. C.; de Oliveira, H. L. M.; Silva, E. S.; Vilas Boas, M. R.; de Carvalho, T. M.; Campo, C. F. A. A.; Gonçalves, J. E.; Piau Júnior, R.; Aust. J. Crop Sci. 2018, 12, 1645. [Crossref ]
Crossref... , ²⁶26 Fernandes, M. Z. L. C. M.; Zanini, S. F.; Affonso, C. R. G.; Fernandes, R. M.; de Oliveira, J. M. G.; Martins, M. C. C.; de Lima, S. G.; Souza Júnior, G. R.; J. Braz. Chem. Soc. 2012, 23, 180. [Crossref ]
Crossref... , ²⁷27 Sartorelli, P. ; Santana, J. S.; Guadagnin, R. C.; Lago, J. H. G.; Pinto, E. G.; Tempone, A. G.; Stefani, H. A.; Soares, M. G.; da Silva, A. M.; Quim. Nova 2012, 35, 743. [Crossref ]
Crossref... , ²⁸28 dos Santos, A. C.; Rossato, M.; Agostini, F.; Serafni, L. A.; dos Santos, P. L.; Molon, R.; Dellacassa, E.; Moyna, P.; J. Essent. Oil Bear. Plan. 2009, 12, 16. [Crossref ]
Crossref... , ²⁹29 Pawlowski, A.; Kaltchuk-Santos, E.; Zini, C. A.; Caramão, E. B.; Soares, G. L. G.; S. Afr. J. Bot. 2012, 80, 96. [Crossref ]
Crossref... , ³⁰30 Chaves, D. S. A.; Cavalcanti, A. S.; Alves, M. S.; da Silva, L. C. P.; Patrocínio, D. S.; Sanches, M. N.; de Souza, M. A. A.; Rev. Bras. Farmacogn. 2015, 25, 356. [Crossref ]
Crossref... , ³¹31 Barbosa, L. C. A.; Montanari, R. M.; Demuner, A. J.; Silva, C. J.; Andrade, N. J.; Ismail, F. M. D.; Barbosa, M. C. A.; Molecules 2012, 17, 9728. [Crossref ]
Crossref... , ³²32 Simionatto, E.; Chagas, M. O.; Peres, M. T. L. P.; Hess. S. C.; da Silva, C. B.; Ré-Poppi, N.; Gebara, S. S.; Corsino, J.; Morel, A. F.; Stuker, C. Z.; Matos, M. F. C.; de Carvalho, J. E.; J. Essent.Oil Bear. Plants 2011, 14, 590. [Crossref ]
Crossref... , ³³33 Afifi, F. U.; Aboalhaija, N. H.; Awwad, O.; Khalil, E.; Abbassi, R.; Abaza, I. F.; Chem. Biodiversity 2019, 16, e1900388. [Crossref ]
Crossref... , ³⁴34 Budel, J. M.; Machado, C. D.; Raman, V.; Rehman, J. U.; Maia, B. H. L. N. S.; Meneghetti, E. K.; Almeida, V. P.; Silva, R. Z.; Farago, P. V. ; Khan, I. A.; Rev. Bras. Farmacogn. 2019, 29, 1. [Crossref ]
Crossref... , ³⁵35 Rodilla, J. M.; Rocha, P. M. M.; Diéz, D.; Elder, H.; Guala, M. S.; Silva, L. A.; Pombo, E. B.; Molecules 2012, 17, 12023. [Crossref ]
Crossref... , ³⁶36 Machado, M. M.; de Campos, M. M. A.; Duarte, J. A.; Zambrano, L. A. B.; Quintana, L. D.; Rocha, M. B.; Schmitt, E. G.; Boligon, A. A.; de Oliveira, L. F. S.; J. Evidence-Based Complementary Altern. Med. 2018, 1, 1. [Crossref ]
Crossref... , ³⁷37 Descamps, L. R.; Chopa, C. S.; Ferrero, A. A.; Nat. Prod. Commun. 2011, 6, 887. [Crossref ]
Crossref... , ³⁸38 Murray, A. P.; Gurovic, M. S. V. ; Rodríguez, S. A.; Murray, M. G.; Ferrero, A. A.; Nat. Prod. Commun. 2009, 4, 873. [Crossref ]
Crossref...

S. terebinthifolia²⁴24 Lago, J. H. G.; Santana, J. S.; Sartorelli, P.; Guadagnin, R. C.; Matsuo, A. L.; Figueiredo, C. R.; Soares, M. G.; da Silva, A. M.; Pharm. Biol. 2012, 50, 1248. [Crossref ] Crossref... , ²⁵25 Gazim, Z. C.; Bortolucci, W. C.; de Oliveira, H. L. M.; Silva, E. S.; Vilas Boas, M. R.; de Carvalho, T. M.; Campo, C. F. A. A.; Gonçalves, J. E.; Piau Júnior, R.; Aust. J. Crop Sci. 2018, 12, 1645. [Crossref ] Crossref... , ²⁶26 Fernandes, M. Z. L. C. M.; Zanini, S. F.; Affonso, C. R. G.; Fernandes, R. M.; de Oliveira, J. M. G.; Martins, M. C. C.; de Lima, S. G.; Souza Júnior, G. R.; J. Braz. Chem. Soc. 2012, 23, 180. [Crossref ] Crossref... , ²⁷27 Sartorelli, P. ; Santana, J. S.; Guadagnin, R. C.; Lago, J. H. G.; Pinto, E. G.; Tempone, A. G.; Stefani, H. A.; Soares, M. G.; da Silva, A. M.; Quim. Nova 2012, 35, 743. [Crossref ] Crossref... , ²⁸28 dos Santos, A. C.; Rossato, M.; Agostini, F.; Serafni, L. A.; dos Santos, P. L.; Molon, R.; Dellacassa, E.; Moyna, P.; J. Essent. Oil Bear. Plan. 2009, 12, 16. [Crossref ] Crossref... , ²⁹29 Pawlowski, A.; Kaltchuk-Santos, E.; Zini, C. A.; Caramão, E. B.; Soares, G. L. G.; S. Afr. J. Bot. 2012, 80, 96. [Crossref ] Crossref... , ³⁰30 Chaves, D. S. A.; Cavalcanti, A. S.; Alves, M. S.; da Silva, L. C. P.; Patrocínio, D. S.; Sanches, M. N.; de Souza, M. A. A.; Rev. Bras. Farmacogn. 2015, 25, 356. [Crossref ] Crossref... , ³¹31 Barbosa, L. C. A.; Montanari, R. M.; Demuner, A. J.; Silva, C. J.; Andrade, N. J.; Ismail, F. M. D.; Barbosa, M. C. A.; Molecules 2012, 17, 9728. [Crossref ] Crossref...		(%) variation
Monoterpene hydrocarbons [16.44-77.35] (30.9^a and 46.6^b)	α-pinene	[5.7-44.9]; [1.2 ± 0.1]a and [4.2 ± 0.1]^b
	β-pinene	[1.91-15.1]
	(β)-myrcene	[1.56-20.43]; [15.4 ± 0.9]a
	sylvestrene	3.7
	β-phellandrene	[6.59-7.30]
	limonene	[1.40-20.81]; [12.0 ± 0.6]a and [16.7 ± 1.1]^b
	isosylvestrene	13.87
	α-fenchene	20.75
	p-cymene	[1.45-2.90]; [3.3 ± 0.2]^b
	δ-3-carene	[2.69-12.75]
	sabinene	[2.60-6.20]
	α-phellandrene	[1.35-14.94]; [18.2 ± 1.2]^b
	α-terpinene	[1.17-2.20]
	γ-terpinene	1.81
	trans-ocimene/(E)-β-ocimene	12.32; [2.3 ± 0.2]^a and [2.6 ± 0.1]^b
	tricyclene	8.3
Hydrocarbon sesquiterpenes [3.63-72.1] [59.4^a and 35.4^b]	β-longipinene	[4.35-8.1]
	α-humulene	[2.5 ± 0.1]a
	β-camigrene	[7.5 ± 1.0]a
	bicyclogermacrene	[1.01-27.57]
	germacrene D	[2.65-23.8]; [8.8 ± 0.3]^a and [21.0 ± 1.2]^b
	δ-cadinene	[1.43-9.21]; [3.6 ± 0.1]^a and [1.6 ± 0.1]^b
	aromadendrene	1.1²⁴24 Lago, J. H. G.; Santana, J. S.; Sartorelli, P.; Guadagnin, R. C.; Matsuo, A. L.; Figueiredo, C. R.; Soares, M. G.; da Silva, A. M.; Pharm. Biol. 2012, 50, 1248. [Crossref ] Crossref...
	β-elemene	1.4; [4.8 ± 0.3]^a and [2.1 ± 0.1]^b
	isolongifolene	7.11
	(Z)-β-farnesene	[1.65-6.38]
	α-copaene	[3.4-7.96]; [1.7 ± 0.1]^a
	δ-elemene	1.68; [2.4 ± 0.1]^a and 2.0^b
	germacrene A	1.66; 2.1^a and 1.3^b
	α-cadinene	1.98
	germacrene B	[1.10-2.01]; [2.1 ± 0.1]^a and 1.6^b
	β-selinene	[4.3 ± 0.1]
	(E)-(β)-caryophyllene	[1.03-35.20]; [14.7 ± 0.8]^a and [2.7 ± 0.2]^b
	γ-cadinene	1.11; [2.3 ± 0.1]^a
	α-trans-bergamotene	1.80
	α-amorphene	1.41
	α-muurolene	[2.6 ± 0.1]^a
Oxygenated monoterpenes [3.10-17.81]	cis-sabinene hydrate	1.03
	terpinen-4-ol	[3.42-3.63]
	α-terpineol	[2.65-14.39]
	eucalyptol	8.5
Oxygenated sesquiterpenes [0.31-27.85] [5.8^a; 15.5^b]	spathulenol	[1.02-1.90]; 1.1^a and [2.1 ± 0.1]^b
	globulol	2.7
	viridiflorol	2.2; [2.5 ± 0.2]^b
	cedryl acetate	2.6
	caryophyllene acetate	2.1
	caryophyllene alcohol	2.41
	γ-eudesmol	1.49
	α-cadinol	[1.58-11.62]; 1.4^a and [3.1 ± 0.1]^b
S. terebinthifolia²⁴24 Lago, J. H. G.; Santana, J. S.; Sartorelli, P.; Guadagnin, R. C.; Matsuo, A. L.; Figueiredo, C. R.; Soares, M. G.; da Silva, A. M.; Pharm. Biol. 2012, 50, 1248. [Crossref ] Crossref... , ²⁵25 Gazim, Z. C.; Bortolucci, W. C.; de Oliveira, H. L. M.; Silva, E. S.; Vilas Boas, M. R.; de Carvalho, T. M.; Campo, C. F. A. A.; Gonçalves, J. E.; Piau Júnior, R.; Aust. J. Crop Sci. 2018, 12, 1645. [Crossref ] Crossref... , ²⁶26 Fernandes, M. Z. L. C. M.; Zanini, S. F.; Affonso, C. R. G.; Fernandes, R. M.; de Oliveira, J. M. G.; Martins, M. C. C.; de Lima, S. G.; Souza Júnior, G. R.; J. Braz. Chem. Soc. 2012, 23, 180. [Crossref ] Crossref... , ²⁷27 Sartorelli, P. ; Santana, J. S.; Guadagnin, R. C.; Lago, J. H. G.; Pinto, E. G.; Tempone, A. G.; Stefani, H. A.; Soares, M. G.; da Silva, A. M.; Quim. Nova 2012, 35, 743. [Crossref ] Crossref... , ²⁸28 dos Santos, A. C.; Rossato, M.; Agostini, F.; Serafni, L. A.; dos Santos, P. L.; Molon, R.; Dellacassa, E.; Moyna, P.; J. Essent. Oil Bear. Plan. 2009, 12, 16. [Crossref ] Crossref... , ²⁹29 Pawlowski, A.; Kaltchuk-Santos, E.; Zini, C. A.; Caramão, E. B.; Soares, G. L. G.; S. Afr. J. Bot. 2012, 80, 96. [Crossref ] Crossref... , ³⁰30 Chaves, D. S. A.; Cavalcanti, A. S.; Alves, M. S.; da Silva, L. C. P.; Patrocínio, D. S.; Sanches, M. N.; de Souza, M. A. A.; Rev. Bras. Farmacogn. 2015, 25, 356. [Crossref ] Crossref... , ³¹31 Barbosa, L. C. A.; Montanari, R. M.; Demuner, A. J.; Silva, C. J.; Andrade, N. J.; Ismail, F. M. D.; Barbosa, M. C. A.; Molecules 2012, 17, 9728. [Crossref ] Crossref...		(%) variation
Oxygenated sesquiterpenes [0.31-27.85] [5.8^a; 15.5^b]	τ-cadinol	[1.15-2.67]
	τ-muurolol	5.12
	α-bisabolol	4.37
	elemol	4.07
	cis-cadinen-4-en-7-ol	1.6
	β-caryophyllene oxide	[2.6 ± 0.1]^b
	α-muurolol	[1.2 ± 0.1]^a and [2.8 ± 0.1]^b
	δ-cadinol	[1.3 ± 0.1]^a and [2.4 ± 0.1]^b
^c,dS. molle²⁸28 dos Santos, A. C.; Rossato, M.; Agostini, F.; Serafni, L. A.; dos Santos, P. L.; Molon, R.; Dellacassa, E.; Moyna, P.; J. Essent. Oil Bear. Plan. 2009, 12, 16. [Crossref ] Crossref... , ²⁹29 Pawlowski, A.; Kaltchuk-Santos, E.; Zini, C. A.; Caramão, E. B.; Soares, G. L. G.; S. Afr. J. Bot. 2012, 80, 96. [Crossref ] Crossref... , ³⁰30 Chaves, D. S. A.; Cavalcanti, A. S.; Alves, M. S.; da Silva, L. C. P.; Patrocínio, D. S.; Sanches, M. N.; de Souza, M. A. A.; Rev. Bras. Farmacogn. 2015, 25, 356. [Crossref ] Crossref... , ³¹31 Barbosa, L. C. A.; Montanari, R. M.; Demuner, A. J.; Silva, C. J.; Andrade, N. J.; Ismail, F. M. D.; Barbosa, M. C. A.; Molecules 2012, 17, 9728. [Crossref ] Crossref... , ³²32 Simionatto, E.; Chagas, M. O.; Peres, M. T. L. P.; Hess. S. C.; da Silva, C. B.; Ré-Poppi, N.; Gebara, S. S.; Corsino, J.; Morel, A. F.; Stuker, C. Z.; Matos, M. F. C.; de Carvalho, J. E.; J. Essent.Oil Bear. Plants 2011, 14, 590. [Crossref ] Crossref... , ³³33 Afifi, F. U.; Aboalhaija, N. H.; Awwad, O.; Khalil, E.; Abbassi, R.; Abaza, I. F.; Chem. Biodiversity 2019, 16, e1900388. [Crossref ] Crossref... , ³⁴34 Budel, J. M.; Machado, C. D.; Raman, V.; Rehman, J. U.; Maia, B. H. L. N. S.; Meneghetti, E. K.; Almeida, V. P.; Silva, R. Z.; Farago, P. V. ; Khan, I. A.; Rev. Bras. Farmacogn. 2019, 29, 1. [Crossref ] Crossref... , ³⁵35 Rodilla, J. M.; Rocha, P. M. M.; Diéz, D.; Elder, H.; Guala, M. S.; Silva, L. A.; Pombo, E. B.; Molecules 2012, 17, 12023. [Crossref ] Crossref... , ³⁶36 Machado, M. M.; de Campos, M. M. A.; Duarte, J. A.; Zambrano, L. A. B.; Quintana, L. D.; Rocha, M. B.; Schmitt, E. G.; Boligon, A. A.; de Oliveira, L. F. S.; J. Evidence-Based Complementary Altern. Med. 2018, 1, 1. [Crossref ] Crossref...		Variation (%)
Oxygenated sesquiterpenes [0.29-63.6]	globulol	1.2
	ledol	1.5
	ubenol	27.1
	epi-α-cadinol	[1.7-27.3]
	caryophyllene oxide	[1.02-15.3]
	δ-cadinol	2.11
	(+)-spathulenol	[1.97-12.4]
	1,10-di-epi-cubenol	[2.5-4.4]
	epi-α-eudesmol	2.3
	guaiol	1.9
	cedrol	1.7
	γ-eudesmol	1.97
	longipinanol	6.08
	α-bisabolol	1.29
	muurolol	11.8
Oxygenated monoterpenes [0.35-25.6]	1,8-cineol	[2.04-7.60]
	terpin-4-ol	6.1
	7-formyloxy-sabinen-2-ol	n.d.a.
	terpin-3-en-1,5-diol	n.d.a.
	terpin-2-en-1,4-diol	n.d.a.
	(−)-trans-pinocarveol	[1.9-4.7]
	nopinone	1.7
	trans-verbenol	4.2
	pinocarvone	1.1
	myrtenal	5.3
	verbenone	6.2
	trans-linalool oxide	1.3
	myrtenol	4.6
	(−)-trans-carveol	1.1
	eugenol	2.96
	piperitone	1.5
	linalool	[1.60-2.98]
	terpinen-4-ol	[1.74-4.93]
Hydrocarbon sesquiterpenes [0.35-25.6]	α-selinene	2.7
	allo-aromadendrene	1.7
	γ-cadinene	[1.22-9.10]
	δ-cadinene	1.14
	bicyclogermacrene	[1.4-18.12]
	ledol	[0.18-6.79]
	(E)-caryophyllene/β-caryophyllene	[1.66-6.08]
^c,dS. molle²⁸28 dos Santos, A. C.; Rossato, M.; Agostini, F.; Serafni, L. A.; dos Santos, P. L.; Molon, R.; Dellacassa, E.; Moyna, P.; J. Essent. Oil Bear. Plan. 2009, 12, 16. [Crossref ] Crossref... , ²⁹29 Pawlowski, A.; Kaltchuk-Santos, E.; Zini, C. A.; Caramão, E. B.; Soares, G. L. G.; S. Afr. J. Bot. 2012, 80, 96. [Crossref ] Crossref... , ³⁰30 Chaves, D. S. A.; Cavalcanti, A. S.; Alves, M. S.; da Silva, L. C. P.; Patrocínio, D. S.; Sanches, M. N.; de Souza, M. A. A.; Rev. Bras. Farmacogn. 2015, 25, 356. [Crossref ] Crossref... , ³¹31 Barbosa, L. C. A.; Montanari, R. M.; Demuner, A. J.; Silva, C. J.; Andrade, N. J.; Ismail, F. M. D.; Barbosa, M. C. A.; Molecules 2012, 17, 9728. [Crossref ] Crossref... , ³²32 Simionatto, E.; Chagas, M. O.; Peres, M. T. L. P.; Hess. S. C.; da Silva, C. B.; Ré-Poppi, N.; Gebara, S. S.; Corsino, J.; Morel, A. F.; Stuker, C. Z.; Matos, M. F. C.; de Carvalho, J. E.; J. Essent.Oil Bear. Plants 2011, 14, 590. [Crossref ] Crossref... , ³³33 Afifi, F. U.; Aboalhaija, N. H.; Awwad, O.; Khalil, E.; Abbassi, R.; Abaza, I. F.; Chem. Biodiversity 2019, 16, e1900388. [Crossref ] Crossref... , ³⁴34 Budel, J. M.; Machado, C. D.; Raman, V.; Rehman, J. U.; Maia, B. H. L. N. S.; Meneghetti, E. K.; Almeida, V. P.; Silva, R. Z.; Farago, P. V. ; Khan, I. A.; Rev. Bras. Farmacogn. 2019, 29, 1. [Crossref ] Crossref... , ³⁵35 Rodilla, J. M.; Rocha, P. M. M.; Diéz, D.; Elder, H.; Guala, M. S.; Silva, L. A.; Pombo, E. B.; Molecules 2012, 17, 12023. [Crossref ] Crossref... , ³⁶36 Machado, M. M.; de Campos, M. M. A.; Duarte, J. A.; Zambrano, L. A. B.; Quintana, L. D.; Rocha, M. B.; Schmitt, E. G.; Boligon, A. A.; de Oliveira, L. F. S.; J. Evidence-Based Complementary Altern. Med. 2018, 1, 1. [Crossref ] Crossref...		Variation (%)
Hydrocarbon sesquiterpenes [0.10-31.18]	9-epi(E)-caryophyllene	1.2
	zonarene	1.9
	β-elemene	1.97
	germacrene-B	3.87
	α-bisabolene	2.57
	α-humulene	1.73
Hydrocarbon monoterpenes [4.2-98.5]	α-pinene	[1.21-35.28]
	β-pinene	[1.32-36.3]
	β-phellandrene	[2.90-38.06]
	α-phellandrene	[38.84-55.90]
	myrcene	[1.12-6.43]
	α-terpinene	[1.13-1.46]
	α-thujene	[1.48-5.72]
	terpinolene	[12.23-20.10]
	limonene	[1.80-32.21]
	sabinene	[2.9-51.74]
	p-cymene	1.46
	γ-terpinene	[1.96-2.39]
S. areira (L.)³⁷37 Descamps, L. R.; Chopa, C. S.; Ferrero, A. A.; Nat. Prod. Commun. 2011, 6, 887. [Crossref ] Crossref... , ³⁸38 Murray, A. P.; Gurovic, M. S. V. ; Rodríguez, S. A.; Murray, M. G.; Ferrero, A. A.; Nat. Prod. Commun. 2009, 4, 873. [Crossref ] Crossref...		Variation (%)
Hydrocarbon monoterpenes [61.0-89.8]	α-phellandrene	[16.2-31.8]
	3-carene	[20.8-21.3]
	camphene	[1.8-10.9]
	α-pinene	[3.1-7.1]
	β-myrcene	[3.4-19.7]
	β-pinene	[2.4-5.5]
	o-cymene	[3.9-7.5]
	sabinene	[1.4-4.3]
	α-terpinolene	5.2
	p-cymene	[3.0-5.1]
	β-phellandrene	[17.6-19.9]
Hydrocarbon sesquiterpenes [5.0-15.1]	(β)-copaene	[1.5-3.1]
	β-cubebene	[1.6-2.9]
	(β)-caryophyllene	[1.9-2.3]
	tricyclene	1.1
	γ-muurolene	5.1
	β-selinene	1.5
	α-muurolene	1.3
	γ-cadinene	1.4
	δ-cadinene	[2.7-4.6]
Oxygenated monoterpenes [2.1-3.9]	terpinen-4-ol	[1.2-2.1]
Oxygenated monoterpenes [2.1-3.9]	bornyl acetate	[1.4-1.9]
Oxygenated sesquiterpenes [2.9-12.9]	palustrol	1.2
	globulol	1.1
	viridiflorol	1.1
	guaiol	6.2
	δ-cadinol	[2.9-3.3]
Esters (2.9)	methyl caprylate	1.6
Esters (2.9)	ethyl hexanoate	1.3

Anacardium humile (St. Hill fruits)⁴²42 Cardoso, C. A. L.; Jeller, A. H.; Ré-Poppi, N.; Coelho, R. M.; Yasunaka, D. S.; Schleder, J. D. E.; J. Essent. Oil Res. 2010, 22, 469. [Crossref ] Crossref...		Variation (%)
Hydrocarbon monoterpenes [29.9%]	α-pinene	[22.0 ± 0.9]
	β-pinene	[6.6 ± 1.3]
	limonene	[1.3 ± 0.1]
Hydrocarbon sesquiterpenes [60.9%]	α-copaene	[2.5 ± 0.3]
	β-selinene	24.0
	(E)-β-caryophyllene	[31.0 ± 1.8]
	α-humulene	[2.9 ± 0.3]
	germacrene D	[5.9 ± 1.7]
	alloaromadendrene	[1.4 ± 0.2]
	bicyclogermacrene	[7.6 ± 1.2]
	δ-cadinene	[9.3 ± 0.7]; 5.6
	α-bulnesene	8.0
	γ-cadinene	7.9
	α-neoclovene	7.2
	cyperene	5.3
Oxygenated sesquiterpenes [6.3%]	globulol	[1.4 ± 0.4]
	epi-globulol	[1.8 ± 0.2]
	viridiflorol	[1.4 ± 0.3]
Myracrodruon urundeuva (Engl.);⁴³43 Carvalho, C. E. S.; Sobrinho-Júnior, E. P. C.; Brito, L. M.; Nicolau, L. A. D.; Carvalho, T. P.; Moura, A. K. S.; Rodrigues, K. A. F.; Carneiro, S. M. P.; Arcanjo, D. D. R.; Citó, A. M. G. L.; Carvalho, F. A. A.; Exp. Parasitol. 2017, 175, 59. [Crossref ] Crossref... (Fr. All.)⁴⁴44 Tintino, S. R.; Figueredo, F. G.; Lucena, B. F. F.; Matias, E. F. F.; Leite, N. F.; Andrade, J. C.; Nogueira, L. F. B.; Morais, E. C.; Costa, J. G. M.; Coutinho, H. D. M.; Rodrigues, F. F. G.; Pharm. Biol. 2014, 52, 560. [Crossref ] Crossref... leaves		Variation (%)
Hydrocarbon monoterpenes [80.35-91.00%]	myrcene/α-myrcene and β-myrcene	[4.2 ± 0.3]; [37.23-42.46]
	δ-3-carene	[78.8 ± 1.7]; 80.41
	β-phellandrene	[3.0 ± 0.2]
	α-terpinolene	[4.8 ± 0.6]
	α-pinene	1.90
	α-limonene	1.89
	o-cymene	1.09
Hydrocarbon sesquiterpenes [7.31-8.1%]	viridiflorene	[3.0 ± 0.2]
	β-selinene	[2.5 ± 0.2]
	(E)-caryophyllene	[1.1 ± 0.1]; 4.28
	α-bergamotene	1.95
Oxygenated sesquiterpenes	caryophyllene oxide	1.81
Carboxylic acids [5.0%]	hexadecanoic acid	3.13
Carboxylic acids [5.0%]	9-hexadecanoic acid	1.34
Tapirira guianensis Aubl. (leaf and branches)⁴⁵45 Zoghbi, M. G. B.; Pereira, R. A.; de Lima, G. S. L.; Bastos, M. N. C.; Quim. Nova 2014, 37, 1188. [Crossref ] Crossref...		Variation (%)
Hydrocarbon sesquiterpenes [58.49-100.00%]	(E)-caryophyllene	[19.25-66.87]
	α-selinene	[24.37-31.07]
	β-selinene	[42.58-57.56]
	α-zingiberene	[18.61-24.49]
	β-sesquiphellandrene	[17.00-20.00]
Oxygenated sesquiterpenes [1.97–28.86%]	selin-11-en-4α-ol	[1.02-6.55]
	α-cadinol	[3.89-5.91]
	caryophyllene oxide	[1.86-8.29]
	spathulenol	[1.53-3.41]
	viridiflorol	[1.44-1.99]
	humulene epoxide II	[1.19-1.59]
	caryophylla-4(12),8(13)-dien-5α-ol	[2.00-2.72]
	epi-α-muurolol	[1.24-2.40]

Species	Obtained extracts or isolated substances	Observed activities
Tapirira guianensis ⁶⁹69 da Silva, E. P. ; David, J. M.; David, J. P. ; Garcia, G. H. T.; Silva, M. T.; Quim. Nova 2020, 43, 1216. [Crossref ] Crossref...	EtOAc and BuOH fractions of MeOH flower ext.; CH₂Cl₂ soluble fraction from Hex ext. of seeds	Antioxidant according to DPPH assay; Moderate cytotoxicity by Brine Shrimp Test (A. salina L. lethality)
Anacardium othonianum ¹⁰⁴104 Silva, F. G.; Curado, F. M. L. M. J.; Gazolla, A. P.; Pedroso, R. C. N.; Pimenta, L. P.; de Oliveira, P. F.; Tavares, D. C.; Andrade-Silva, M. L.; Cunha, W. R.; Pietro, R. C. L. R.; Januário, A. H.; Pauletti, P. M.; Sales, J. F.; J. Med. Plants Res. 2016, 10, 450. [Crossref ] Crossref...	EtOH crude ext. of leaves and fractions (Hex, EtOAc, BuOH, and hydro-MeOH)	Antifungal against C. albicans (ATCC 64548) and Trichophyton rubrum (Tr1)
Loxostylis alata ¹⁰⁵105 Suleiman, M. M.; Elgorashi, E. E.; Samuel, B. B.; Naidoo, V. ; Eloff, J. N.; Biochem. Pharmacol. 2013, 2, 1000123. [Crossref ] Crossref...	Leaf acetone ext. (and CCl₄, Hex, CHCl₃, aqueous MeOH, BuOH and aq. fractions)	Antimicrobial and antibacterial activities against several strains (mediated by lupeol and β-sitosterol); Inhibition of COX-1 (anti-inflammatory activity and antithrombotic effect)
Ozoroa and Searsia spp.¹⁰⁶106 Ahmed, A. S.; McGaw, L. J.; Moodley, N.; Naidoo, V. ; Eloff, J. N.; S. Afr. J. Bot. 2014, 95, 9. [Crossref ] Crossref...	Crude leaf exts. (0,1% HCl:70% acetone:n-Hex) and fractions (DCM, BuOH, EtOAc, Hex, and residue aqueous)	Antibacterial and antifungal activities; Antioxidant according to DPPH, ABTS, hydroxyl radical scavenging, and linolenic acid peroxidation assays; Low cytotoxicity against Vero cell lines
Cyrtocarpa procera ¹⁰⁷107 Martinez-Elizalde, K. S.; Jimenez-Estrada, M.; Flores, C. M.; Hernández, L. B.; Rosas-López, R.; Duran-Diaz, A.; Nieto-Yañez, O. J.; Barbosa, E.; Rodríguez-Monroy, M. A.; Canales-Martinez, M.; BMC Complementary Altern. Med. 2015, 15, 74. [Crossref ] Crossref...	MeOH (1 and 2) fruit extracts; Hex fruit extract	Antibacterial against different Gram-positive and Gram-negative strains; High inhibition of DPPH; Cytotoxic against CasKi cell lines (anticancer activity); Reduction of production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1β) by macrophages
Schinopsis brasiliensis ¹⁰⁸108 Araújo, B. S.; Santos, C. C. S.; Araújo, S. S.; Santos, A. L. L. M.; Almeida, E. C. V. ; Dias, A. S.; Damascena, N. P. ; Santos, D. M.; Santos, M. I. S.; Júnior, K. A. L. R.; Pereira, C. K. B.; Lima, A. C. B.; Shan, A. Y. K. V.; Sant’ana, A. E. G.; Estevam, C. S.; Rev. Bras. Farmacogn. 2014, 24, 298. [Crossref ] Crossref...	CHCl₃ fraction from EtOH:H₂O crude ext. of stem bark	Moderate toxicity against A. salina; Larvicidal potential against A. aegypti (for dengue); High molluscicidal activity against Biomphalaria glabrata
Bouea macrophylla ¹⁰⁹109 Van Giau, V.; Nguyen, N. H.; Thuc-Huy, D.; Nguyen, T. T.; Ma, P. C.; Ta, Q. T. H.; Molecules 2020, 25, 1996. [Crossref]	EtOH leaf crude/raw extract	Antibacterial (against several Gram-positive and Gram-negative strains) and antifungal (against C. albicans); Antioxidant by DPPH and FRAP assays; Inhibition of proliferation of HeLa and HCT116 cells (anticancer activity)
Sorindea warneckei ¹¹⁰110 Adesegun, S. A.; Badejo, M. V.; Odebumni, S. O.; Ojobo, P. D.; Coker, H. B.; Trop. J. Nat. Prod. Res. 2019, 3, 58. [Crossref ] Crossref...	EtOH ext. of leaves and fractions (EtOAc, BuOH, Hex, and aqueous)	Antioxidant according to DPPH and Fe³⁺ /ferricyanide assays; Inhibition of α-amylase
Anacardium excelsum ¹¹¹111 Sequeda-Castañeda, L. G.; Celis-Zambrano, C. A.; Torrenegra-Guerrero, R. D.; Pharmacology Online 2021, 1, 426. [Link] accessed in August 2023 Link...	EtOH ext. and fractions (petroleum ether, CH₂Cl_2, and EtOH/ BuOH)	Antioxidant according to DPPH, ABTS, and DMPD assays
Sclerocarya birrea¹¹²112 Milella, L.; Russo, D.; Miglionico, R.; Carmosino, M.; Bisaccia, F.; Andrade, P. B.; Valentão, P.; Armentano, M. F.; Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2018, 19, 186. [Crossref ] Crossref... , ¹¹³113 Njume, C.; Afolayan, A. J.; Green, E.; Ndip, R. N.; Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents 2011, 38, 319. [Crossref ] Crossref...	MeOH extracts of leaves and bark¹¹²112 Milella, L.; Russo, D.; Miglionico, R.; Carmosino, M.; Bisaccia, F.; Andrade, P. B.; Valentão, P.; Armentano, M. F.; Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2018, 19, 186. [Crossref ] Crossref... EtOAc and EtOAc/MeOH/water fractions of stem bark (rich in essential oils: 40.5-86.57%)¹¹³113 Njume, C.; Afolayan, A. J.; Green, E.; Ndip, R. N.; Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents 2011, 38, 319. [Crossref ] Crossref...	Antioxidant according to ABTS, O₂^- ^• and NO^• assays; High anticancer activity against HepG2 and normal human dermal fibroblast cell lines (Calcein AM assay); Inhibition of lipid peroxidation by β-carotene bleaching assay; Antimicrobial against H. pylori (metronidazole- and clarithromycin-resistant strains); MIC₅₀ = [310-2500 μg mL⁻¹]; terpinen-4-ol and pyrrolidine activities were similar to amoxicillin’s (P > 0.05)
S. birrea (subsp. caffra)¹¹⁴114 Shai, L. J.; Mogale, M. A.; Lebelo, S. L.; Thovhogi, N.; de Freitas, A. N.; Afr. J. Biotechnol. 2011, 10, 15033. [Crossref ] Crossref...	MeOH and acetone stem bark crude extracts; Hex and acetone stem crude bark ext.	Competitive inhibition of α-amylase; Non-competitive inhibition of α-glucosidase
Holigarna longifolia ¹¹⁵115 Uddin, Z. M.; Rana, S. M.; Hossain, S.; Ferdous, S.; Dutta, E.; Dutta, M.; Bin-Emram, T.; J. Complementary Integr. Med. 2020, 17, 20190102. [Crossref ] Crossref...	MeOH extract from bark; Aqueous extract from bark	Antioxidant (DPPH inhibition, against oxidative stress); Moderate clot lysis (compared to streptokinase as standard)
Pleoigynium timoriense (DC.) Leenh.¹¹⁶116 Al Sayed, E.; Martiskainen, O.; Sinkkonen, J.; Pihlaja, K.; Ayoub, N.; Singab, A. N.; El-Azizi, M.; Nat. Prod. Commun. 2010, 5, 545. [Crossref ] Crossref...	EtOH extract of leaves (rich in known phenolic compounds)	Antioxidant DPPH (IC₅₀ = 21.9 μg mL⁻¹) and super oxide anion radical scavenging assays (IC₅₀ = 123.5 μg mL⁻¹) assays Hypoglycemic and anti-inflammatory effects

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