VOLATILE COMPONENTS FROM GALLS INDUCED BY <i>Baccharopelma dracunculifoliae</i>(Hemiptera: Psyllidae) ON LEAVES OF <i>Baccharis dracunculifolia</i>(Asteraceae)

Besten, Michele Aparecida; Nunes, Domingos Sávio; Granato, Daniel; Sens, Sávio Luis; Wisniewski Jr, Alberto; Edesio, Luis Simionatto; Riva-Scharf, Dilamara

doi:10.5935/0100-4042.20140288

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Artigo • Quím. nova 38 (1) • Jan 2015 • https://doi.org/10.5935/0100-4042.20140288 copiar

VOLATILE COMPONENTS FROM GALLS INDUCED BY Baccharopelma dracunculifoliae(Hemiptera: Psyllidae) ON LEAVES OF Baccharis dracunculifolia(Asteraceae)

Autoria SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

The volatile components of the galls induced by the insect Baccharopelma dracunculifoliae (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) on leaves of Baccharis dracunculifolia (Asteraceae) were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and gas chromatographyflame- ionisation detection (GC-FID), and then comparison with volatile oil samples from healthy leaves collected in the vicinity. The galls produced around 3.5% of the total organic volatiles whereas healthy leaves rendered an average yield of 0.6%. The observed higher proportions of germacrene D, bicyclogermacrene, limonene, and β-pinene in the galls suggest that all these compounds are important targets in the search for natural enemies of this Psyllid. Moreover, higher relative percentages of (E)-nerolidol and spathulenol were found in healthy leaves.

Baccharis dracunculifolia ; Baccharopelma dracunculifoliae ; volatiles

Components	Healthy leaves samples
Components	♀1	♂2	♀3	♂4	♀5	♂6	♀♂7	♀♂8	x ± s
limonene	^* * = detected only by GC-MS.	0.21	0.06	0.05	^ = not detected. ♀ = feminine specimen; ♂ = male specimen; ♀♂ = out of the flowering period. 1 = January 20th; 2 = January 23th; 3 = March 20th; 4 = March 20th; 5 = May 24th; 6 = May 23th; 7 = August 20th; 8 = October 23th.	0.07	0.07	0.12	0.10 ±0.06
α-terpineol	^* * = detected only by GC-MS.	0.42	0.63	0.47	0.18	0.92	0.26	0.14	0.43 ±0.28
caryophylene	^* * = detected only by GC-MS.	0.36	4.45	2.88	0.56	5.72	5.91	8.50	4.67 ±2.98
germacrene D	1.04	1.12	4.52	3.90	1.76	7.98	6.40	13.10	6.28 ±4.13
bicyclogermacrene	1.80	0.66	6.48	3.95	2.20	9.07	6.70	13.72	7.02 ±4.36
δ-cadinene	1.29	1.10	4.77	3.26	2.05	3.98	2.98	5.66	3.78 ±1.63
( E )-nerolidol	44.36	4.51	15.25	18.55	8.80	19.66	17.78	19.63	16.61 ±11.79
palustrol	1.32	1.67	1.00	0.63	0.88	^ = not detected. ♀ = feminine specimen; ♂ = male specimen; ♀♂ = out of the flowering period. 1 = January 20th; 2 = January 23th; 3 = March 20th; 4 = March 20th; 5 = May 24th; 6 = May 23th; 7 = August 20th; 8 = October 23th.	0.91	0.68	0.96 ±0.37
spathulenol	17.80	31.23	18.57	21.73	29.87	16.15	16.23	9.55	18.68 ±7.28
caryophylene oxide	5.33	18.06	7.41	6.08	11.17	5.33	5.72	3.38	6.52 ±4.72
globulol	1.47	4.26	2.10	2.63	3.02	1.87	0.86	0.46	1.82 ±1.22
viridiflorol	2.46	3.32	3.16	2.66	4.20	2.73	2.94	1.93	2.94 ±0.67
α-cadinol	6.53	5.43	4.81	4.44	7.25	3.85	4.98	3.90	4.87 ±1.21
Monoterpene hydrocarbons	0.0	0.63	0.69	0.52	0.18	0.99	0.33	0.26	0.45 ±0.32
Sesquiterpenes hydrocarbons	4.13	3.24	20.22	13.99	6.57	26.75	21.99	40.98	17.23 ±12.97
Oxygenated sesquiterpenes	79.27	68.48	52.30	56.72	65.19	49.59	49.42	39.53	57.56 ±12.72
Yielding (w/w, dried)	0.65	0.62	0.63	0.55	0.71	0.67	0.69	0.55
Total identified	83.40	72.35	73.21	71.23	71.94	77.33	71.74	80.77

Components	Galls samples
Components	RRI^a	RRI^b	1	2	3	x ± s
β-pinene	977	980	3.43	6.75	6.98	5.72 ±1.98
β-myrcene	991	991	4.12	2.09	2.53	2.92 ±1.07
limonene	1029	1031	5.36	12.95	12.07	10.12 ±4.15
Trans -β-ocimene	1048	1050	0.47	0.66	0.71	0.61 ±0.13
linalool	1102	1098	0.25	0.09	nd	0.17 ±0.11
α-terpineol	1194	1189	0.32	nd	nd	0.32 ± ^* * identified in only one sample.
bicycloelemene	1328	1330	0.47	0.21	0.28	0.32 ±0.13
δ-elemene	1338	1339	6.81	3.47	4.49	4.92 ±1.72
neryl acetate	1364	1365	2.43	0.63	1.60	1.56 ±0.90
α-copaene	1377	1376	0.37	0.34	nd	0.35 ±0.03
caryophyllene	1422	1418	8.59	8.00	2.92	6.50 ±3.12
β-gurjunene	1431	1432	0.28	0.20	0.14	0.21 ±0.07
aromadendrene	1441	1439	0.46	0.60	nd	0.53 ±0.10
α-caryophyllene	1456	1454	1.65	1.36	0.82	1.28 ±0.42
alloaromadendrene	1463	1461	0.91	0.47	0.40	0.59 ±0.27
γ-muulorene	1478	1477	0.77	0.83	nd	0.80 ±0.04
germacrene D	1484	1480	21.80	11.78	13.36	15.65 ±5.39
β-selinene	1489	1485	1.02	0.80	nd	0.91 ±0.16
bicyclogermacrene	1499	1494	12.42	32.29	38.63	27.78 ±13.68
δ-cadienene	1525	1524	1.18	1.66	0.46	1.10 ±0.60
( E )-nerolidol	1564	1564	10.90	5.30	7.24	7.81 ±2.84
palustrol	1573	1565	0.58	0.26	0.20	0.35 ±0.20
germacrene D-4-ol	1579	1574	1.02	0.50	0.62	0.71 ±0.28
spathulenol	1583	1576	2.32	1.40	1.29	1.67 ± .56
ledene oxide	1589	1890	3.88	2.13	2.03	2.68 ±1.04
viridiflorol	1598	1590	1.90	1.28	1.08	1.42 ±0.43
α-cadinol	1660	1653	0.90	0.53	0.26	0.56 ±0.32
aromadendrene oxide	1694	1702	1.03	0.17	0.23	0.48 ±0.48
Monoterpene hydrocarbons			13.38	22.45	22.29	19.37 ±5.19
Oxygenated monoterpenes			0.57	0.09	nd	0.33 ±0.34
Sesquiterpene hydrocarbons			59.16	62.64	63.11	61.64 ±2.16
Oxygenated sesquiterpenes			24.85	11.56	12.96	16.46 ±7.30
Yielding (w/w, fresh)			3.50	3.60	3.80	3.63 ±0.15

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[1] *e-mail: michele.besten25@gmail.com