ENVIRONMENTAL PARAMETERS AND RELATIONSHIPS WITH COVID-19 CASES IN CENTRAL SOUTH AMERICA

Brunelli, Thais Costa; Paiva, Sophia; Siqueira, Angélica Yara; Santana, Cleyton Elizeu; Curvo, Luís Otávio; Marques, João Basso; Rodrigues, Thiago Rangel

doi:10.21577/0100-4042.20170786

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Artigo • Quim. Nova 44 (10) • 2021 • https://doi.org/10.21577/0100-4042.20170786 copy

ENVIRONMENTAL PARAMETERS AND RELATIONSHIPS WITH COVID-19 CASES IN CENTRAL SOUTH AMERICA

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

This work aims to evaluate the possible relations between the confirmed daily cases of COVID-19 and the environmental parameters for the Cuiabá-Várzea Grande conurbation in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. The data sets used to cover the rainy-dry periods, from January to December 2020, were achieved from a database of government institutions, and processed through the Spearman correlation test. Our results showed that atmospheric pressure and fire radiative power has a significant positive correlation, suggesting that these parameters favor the transmission of COVID-19. On the other hand, the relative humidity of the air and the total column of water vapor showed a significant negative correlation with the number of confirmed daily cases of COVID-19, which indicates that the water vapor present in the atmosphere acts in the regulation of virus transmission. Thus, taking into account the results obtained, there is a need for collaborative policies and measures among the three spheres of executive power in Brazil, to act in the surveillance of fire cases, which can favor the transmission of COVID-19. In addition, prevention and protection measures aimed at reducing the spread of coronavirus continue to be indispensable.

Keywords:
coronavirus; environmental parameters; aerosol; water vapor; fire

Parameters	Data source	Acronym	Unit of measure	Measurement uncertainty
Cases of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome by Coronavirus	SES - MT²¹21 Estado do Mato Grosso; Informes Painel Informativo COVID-19, available at http://www.saude.mt.gov.br/informe/584 accessed in June 2021. http://www.saude.mt.gov.br/informe/584...	COVID-19	persons	none
Total ozone column	AERONET²²22 AERONET ‐ Aerosol Robotic Network, available at https://aeronet.gsfc.nasa.gov/ accessed in June 2021. https://aeronet.gsfc.nasa.gov/...	O₃	DU^a a Total ozone column that is measured in Dobson units - DU (1 DU = 2.69x1016 molecules cm-2 at 0 ºC and 1 atm).25	±0.01
Total column of nitrogen dioxide	AERONET²²22 AERONET ‐ Aerosol Robotic Network, available at https://aeronet.gsfc.nasa.gov/ accessed in June 2021. https://aeronet.gsfc.nasa.gov/...	NO₂	DU^a a Total ozone column that is measured in Dobson units - DU (1 DU = 2.69x1016 molecules cm-2 at 0 ºC and 1 atm).25	±0.01
Total Mode of the Aerosol Optical Depth at 500 nm	AERONET²²22 AERONET ‐ Aerosol Robotic Network, available at https://aeronet.gsfc.nasa.gov/ accessed in June 2021. https://aeronet.gsfc.nasa.gov/...	AOD_total	none	±0.01
Fine Mode Aerosol Optical Depth at 500 nm	AERONET²²22 AERONET ‐ Aerosol Robotic Network, available at https://aeronet.gsfc.nasa.gov/ accessed in June 2021. https://aeronet.gsfc.nasa.gov/...	AOD_fine	none	±0.01
Coarse Mode Aerosol Optical Depth at 500 nm	AERONET²²22 AERONET ‐ Aerosol Robotic Network, available at https://aeronet.gsfc.nasa.gov/ accessed in June 2021. https://aeronet.gsfc.nasa.gov/...	AOD_coarse	none	±0.01
Total column of water vapor	AERONET²²22 AERONET ‐ Aerosol Robotic Network, available at https://aeronet.gsfc.nasa.gov/ accessed in June 2021. https://aeronet.gsfc.nasa.gov/...	H₂O_vapor	g cm^-2	±12%
Instant temperature	INMET²⁴24 INMET; TabelaEstacoes/A901, available at https://tempo.inmet.gov.br/TabelaEstacoes/A901 accessed at June 2021. https://tempo.inmet.gov.br/TabelaEstacoe...	T_ins	ºC	± 0.2 C
Maximum temperature	INMET²⁴24 INMET; TabelaEstacoes/A901, available at https://tempo.inmet.gov.br/TabelaEstacoes/A901 accessed at June 2021. https://tempo.inmet.gov.br/TabelaEstacoe...	T_max	ºC	± 0.2 C
Minimum temperature	INMET²⁴24 INMET; TabelaEstacoes/A901, available at https://tempo.inmet.gov.br/TabelaEstacoes/A901 accessed at June 2021. https://tempo.inmet.gov.br/TabelaEstacoe...	T_min	ºC	± 0.2 C
Instant air relative humidity	INMET²⁴24 INMET; TabelaEstacoes/A901, available at https://tempo.inmet.gov.br/TabelaEstacoes/A901 accessed at June 2021. https://tempo.inmet.gov.br/TabelaEstacoe...	U_ins	%	± 2 % (0 ... 90 %) ± 3 % (90 ... 100 %)
Maximum relative air humidity	INMET²⁴24 INMET; TabelaEstacoes/A901, available at https://tempo.inmet.gov.br/TabelaEstacoes/A901 accessed at June 2021. https://tempo.inmet.gov.br/TabelaEstacoe...	U_max	%	± 2 % (0 ... 90 %) ± 3 % (90 ... 100 %)
Minimum air relative humidity	INMET²⁴24 INMET; TabelaEstacoes/A901, available at https://tempo.inmet.gov.br/TabelaEstacoes/A901 accessed at June 2021. https://tempo.inmet.gov.br/TabelaEstacoe...	U_min	%	± 2 % (0 ... 90 %) ± 3 % (90 ... 100 %)
Instant atmospheric pressure	INMET²⁴24 INMET; TabelaEstacoes/A901, available at https://tempo.inmet.gov.br/TabelaEstacoes/A901 accessed at June 2021. https://tempo.inmet.gov.br/TabelaEstacoe...	P_ins	hPa	± 0.3
Maximum atmospheric pressure	INMET²⁴24 INMET; TabelaEstacoes/A901, available at https://tempo.inmet.gov.br/TabelaEstacoes/A901 accessed at June 2021. https://tempo.inmet.gov.br/TabelaEstacoe...	P_max	hPa	± 0.3
Minimum atmospheric pressure	INMET²⁴24 INMET; TabelaEstacoes/A901, available at https://tempo.inmet.gov.br/TabelaEstacoes/A901 accessed at June 2021. https://tempo.inmet.gov.br/TabelaEstacoe...	P_min	hPa	± 0.3
Wind speed	INMET²⁴24 INMET; TabelaEstacoes/A901, available at https://tempo.inmet.gov.br/TabelaEstacoes/A901 accessed at June 2021. https://tempo.inmet.gov.br/TabelaEstacoe...	V	ms^-1	± 0.2 %
Global radiation incident	INMET²⁴24 INMET; TabelaEstacoes/A901, available at https://tempo.inmet.gov.br/TabelaEstacoes/A901 accessed at June 2021. https://tempo.inmet.gov.br/TabelaEstacoe...	Rg	KJ m^-2	± 2 % (-10 °C to +40 °C)
Precipitation	INMET²⁴24 INMET; TabelaEstacoes/A901, available at https://tempo.inmet.gov.br/TabelaEstacoes/A901 accessed at June 2021. https://tempo.inmet.gov.br/TabelaEstacoe...	P	mm	± 2 % (0 to 250 mm h^-1) ± 3 % (250 to 500 mm h^-1)
Fire radiative power	INPE²³23 INPE; Programa QUEIMADAS, available at http://queimadas.dgi.inpe.br/ accessed in June 2021. http://queimadas.dgi.inpe.br/...	FRP	W	± 400 m

	Average	Standard deviation	Minimum	Maximum
COVID-19	198.39	206.79	0.00	979.00
H₂O (g cm^-2)	3.01	0.83	1.33	5.11
O₃ (DU)	262.16	8.97	250.21	275.24
NO₂ (DU)	0.14	0.03	0.11	0.20
AOD_total	0.38	0.53	0.06	2.95
AOD_fine	0.33	0.52	0.03	2.90
AOD_coarse	0.05	0.03	0.02	0.33
FRP (W)	48.73	211.49	0.00	2440.50
Temp. Ins. (ºC)	28.55	3.28	14.48	36.64
Temp. Max. (ºC)	29.24	3.35	15.03	37.32
Temp. Min. (ºC)	27.88	3.21	14.05	35.90
Umi. Ins. (%)	53.87	15.66	15.62	88.67
Umi. Max. (%)	56.44	15.79	16.83	89.38
Umi. Min. (%)	51.40	15.57	14.54	88.05
Pres. Ins. (hPa)	990.93	2.76	984.76	1000.79
Pres. Max. (hPa)	991.23	2.73	985.15	1001.06
Pres. Min. (hPa)	990.65	2.78	984.35	1000.44
V (ms^-1)	1.54	0.47	0.67	3.02
Rg (kJ m^-²2 Ahmadi, M.; Sharifi, A.; Dorosti, S.; Jafarzadeh Ghoushchi, S.; Ghanbari, N.; Sci. Total Environ. 2020, 729, 138705.)	1535.80	345.63	293.59	2334.45
P (mm)	2.49	7.29	0.00	47.60

	COVID-19	Temp. Ins. (ºC)	Temp. Max. (ºC)	Temp. Min. (ºC)	Umi. Ins. (%)	Umi. Max. (%)	Umi. Min. (%)	Pres. Ins. (hPa)	Pres. Max. (hPa)	Pres. Min. (hPa)	V (ms^-1)	Rg (KJ m^-2)	P (mm)
COVID-19	1.00
Temp. Ins. (ºC)	-0.10	1.00
Temp. Max. (ºC)	-0.07	1.00 ^* * p-value < 0.01 and	1.00
Temp. Min. (ºC)	-0.13 ^ p-value<0.05.	1.00 ^* * p-value < 0.01 and	0.99 ^* * p-value < 0.01 and	1.00
Umi. Ins. (%)	-0.50 ^* * p-value < 0.01 and	-0.62 ^* * p-value < 0.01 and	-0.65 ^* * p-value < 0.01 and	-0.60 ^* * p-value < 0.01 and	1.00
Umi. Max. (%)	-0.51 ^* * p-value < 0.01 and	-0.61 ^* * p-value < 0.01 and	-0.64 ^* * p-value < 0.01 and	-0.59 ^* * p-value < 0.01 and	1.00 ^* * p-value < 0.01 and	1.00
Umi. Min. (%)	-0.50 ^* * p-value < 0.01 and	-0.63 ^* * p-value < 0.01 and	-0.65 ^* * p-value < 0.01 and	-0.60 ^* * p-value < 0.01 and	1.00 ^* * p-value < 0.01 and	1.00 ^* * p-value < 0.01 and	1.00
Pres. Ins. (hPa)	0.32 ^* * p-value < 0.01 and	-0.66 ^* * p-value < 0.01 and	-0.65 ^* * p-value < 0.01 and	-0.68 ^* * p-value < 0.01 and	0.18 ^* * p-value < 0.01 and	0.17 ^* * p-value < 0.01 and	0.19 ^* * p-value < 0.01 and	1.00
Pres.Max. (hPa)	0.32 ^* * p-value < 0.01 and	-0.66 ^* * p-value < 0.01 and	-0.65 ^* * p-value < 0.01 and	-0.67 ^* * p-value < 0.01 and	0.19 ^* * p-value < 0.01 and	0.18 ^* * p-value < 0.01 and	0.19 ^* * p-value < 0.01 and	1.00 ^* * p-value < 0.01 and	1.00
Pres. Min. (hPa)	0.32 ^* * p-value < 0.01 and	-0.66 ^* * p-value < 0.01 and	-0.65 ^* * p-value < 0.01 and	-0.67 ^* * p-value < 0.01 and	0.18 ^* * p-value < 0.01 and	0.17^* * p-value < 0.01 and	0.18 ^* * p-value < 0.01 and	1.00 ^* * p-value < 0.01 and	1.00 ^* * p-value < 0.01 and	1.00
V (ms^-1)	-0.19 ^* * p-value < 0.01 and	0.17 ^* * p-value < 0.01 and	0.15 ^* * p-value < 0.01 and	0.19 ^* * p-value < 0.01 and	0.14 ^ p-value<0.05.	0.13 ^ p-value<0.05.	0.14 ^ p-value<0.05.	-0.38 ^* * p-value < 0.01 and	-0.37 ^* * p-value < 0.01 and	-0.38 ^* * p-value < 0.01 and	1.00
Rg (kJ m^-²2 Ahmadi, M.; Sharifi, A.; Dorosti, S.; Jafarzadeh Ghoushchi, S.; Ghanbari, N.; Sci. Total Environ. 2020, 729, 138705.)	-0.13 ^* * p-value < 0.01 and	0.47 ^* * p-value < 0.01 and	0.46 ^* * p-value < 0.01 and	0.45 ^* * p-value < 0.01 and	-0.39 ^* * p-value < 0.01 and	-0.38 ^* * p-value < 0.01 and	-0.39 ^* * p-value < 0.01 and	-0.20 ^* * p-value < 0.01 and	-0.20 ^* * p-value < 0.01 and	-0.20 ^* * p-value < 0.01 and	-0.08 ^ p-value<0.05.	1.00
P (mm)	-0.38 ^* * p-value < 0.01 and	-0.24 ^* * p-value < 0.01 and	-0.24 ^* * p-value < 0.01 and	-0.23 ^* * p-value < 0.01 and	0.52 ^* * p-value < 0.01 and	0.53 ^* * p-value < 0.01 and	0.51 ^* * p-value < 0.01 and	-0.13 ^ p-value<0.05.	-0.13 ^ p-value<0.05.	-0.14 ^ p-value<0.05.	0.29 ^* * p-value < 0.01 and	-0.36 ^* * p-value < 0.01 and	1.00

	COVID-19	H₂O	O₃	NO₂	AOD_total (500nm)	AOD_fine (500 nm)	AOD_coarse (500 nm)	RFP
COVID-19	1.00
H₂O	-0.38^* * p-value < 0.01 and	1.00
O₃	-0.19^ p-value<0.05.	-0.12	1.00
NO₂	0.09	-0.38^* * p-value < 0.01 and	0.87^* * p-value < 0.01 and	1.00
AOD_total (500nm)	-0.05	0.00	0.78^* * p-value < 0.01 and	0.79^* * p-value < 0.01 and	1.00
AOD_fine (500 nm)	-0.08	0.06	0.73^* * p-value < 0.01 and	0.74^* * p-value < 0.01 and	0.97^* * p-value < 0.01 and	1.00
AOD_coarse (500 nm)	0.10	-0.32^* * p-value < 0.01 and	0.41^* * p-value < 0.01 and	0.51^* * p-value < 0.01 and	0.48^* * p-value < 0.01 and	0.35^* * p-value < 0.01 and	1.00
RFP	0.34^* * p-value < 0.01 and	-0.49^* * p-value < 0.01 and	0.27^* * p-value < 0.01 and	0.40^* * p-value < 0.01 and	0.24^* * p-value < 0.01 and	0.21^ p-value<0.05.	0.30^* * p-value < 0.01 and	1.00

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