| Bovine |
Ultrasound examination |
Laparoscopic findings (Diagnosis) |
Post-mortem or surgical diagnosis |
| 1 |
TRP (Reticulum dorsally displaced by a structure of heterogeneous echogenicity, deformed, and irregularly contoured and fibrin filaments adhered to the reticulum, rumen, and spleen. The reticulum presented five unproductive attempts of biphasic contractions in 3 min; the greatest displacement was 1 cm. Abscess in the liver). |
Turbid peritoneal fluid only (Inconclusive) |
TRP with diaphragmatic abscess |
| 2 |
Liver abscess (In the most ventral region, liver with a structure surrounded by a capsule with heterogeneous content ranging from anechoic to hypoechoic areas, which measured 6.2x6.7cm). |
Hyperaemia of the peritoneum in the ventro-lateral region adjacent to the liver, with recent adhesions between the liver and abdominal wall, and petechiae in the mesoduodenum in the cranial flexure (Focal peritonitis adjacent to the liver) |
TRP with necrotic splenitis, liver and myocardial abscesses |
| 3 |
Inconclusive (Discrete irregularity of the abomasal surface. At the height of the 8th and 9th ICS, a volume increase of 4.3x4.3 cm was observed, with a hyperechoic surface and heterogeneous content composed of hyper- and hypoechogenic areas). |
Only a slight PF increase (Inconclusive) |
Mesenteric lymphadenomegaly (Paratuberculosis) |
| 4 |
Left abomasal displacement (Abomasum observed in the 10th, 9th, and 8th ICS, with gaseous and liquid contents in the ventral region of the organ with abomasal crypts visualised in the middle of the liquid). |
Displaced abomasum in the left side between the rumen and the abdominal wall (Left abomasal displacement) |
Left abomasal displacement (surgical) |
| 5 |
Diffuse serofibrinous peritonitis (Irregularly contoured reticulum, increased peritoneal fluid and content with heterogeneous echogenicity and echotexture (fibrin) attached to the reticular wall and remaining abdominal organs). |
Multiple liver abscesses were observed, which were associated with adhesions between the liver and the abdominal wall and diaphragm, and multiple areas with petechiae and suffusions were also observed (Diffuse serofibrinous peritonitis, with liver abscess) |
Reticulohepatitis with diffuse fibrinopurulent peritonitis and liver abscess |
| 6 |
Diffuse serofibrinous peritonitis (Irregularly contoured reticulum with heterogeneous and deformed hypoechoic material adhered to the reticular wall. Increased anechoic peritoneal fluid). |
Hyperaemia of the larger omentum with multifocal petechiae and multiple adhesions between the viscera and abdominal wall (Diffuse serofibrinous peritonitis) |
Diffuse necrotic enteritis with fibrinonecrotic peritonitis and obstruction of the reticulo-omasal orifice |
| 7 |
Focal abscedative peritonitis (Reticulum displaced (by abscess) caudally until the 9th ICS and presenting two biphasic contractions of low amplitude in 3 min. Abscess 18cm in diameter adjacent to the abomasum, small amount of fluid, and discrete more echogenic filaments floating (suggestive of fibrin) between the abomasum and the abscess). |
Recent adhesions were observed between the liver, supraomental bursa, mesoduodenum, pancreas, and abdominal wall (Focal peritonitis) |
Liver abscess |
| 8 |
TRP and abscedative splenitis (Irregularly contoured reticulum, 6cm away from the diaphragm by adhesion, presented two attempts of contraction in 3 min but with very small amplitude. Multiple abscesses in the spleen). |
Hyperaemia of the larger omentum and peritoneum with multifocal petechiae (Diffuse peritonitis) |
TRP and abscedative splenitis |
| 9 |
Abscess in and adjacent to the liver. |
Multiple adhesions between the liver and abdominal wall were found (Perihepatic adhesions) |
Liver and myocardial abscesses |
Thumbnail
