Lesions of the oral cavity of dogs: 720 cases

Seven hundred twenty cases of oral cavity lesions in dogs were diagnosed from 2015 to 2020 in Distrito Federal, Brazil. Four hundred thirty-two (60%) lesions were neoplastic, and 288 (40%) were non-neoplastic. Of the neoplasms, 229 (53%) were considered malignant and 203 (47%) benign, affecting mainly males, of 43 different breeds, with an average age of 9.4 years, mainly the gum and lip. Melanoma was the most (96/432, 22.2%) commonly diagnosed neoplasm, followed by peripheral odontogenic fibroma (68/432, 15.7%), papilloma (63/432, 14.5%) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) (56/432, 12.9%). Non-neoplastic lesions also affected males predominantly, from 41 different breeds, with an average age of 8.9 years, mainly in the gums, lip, and tongue. These lesions were diagnosed as inflammatory (230/288, 79.8%), hyperplastic (47/288, 16.3%) and other lesions (11/288, 3.8%).

INDEX TERMS:
Oral pathology; diseases of dogs; neoplasm; canine visceral leishmaniosis; dogs

Authorship

Guilherme R. Blume

Graduate Program in Animal Health, concentration area in Preventive Medicine and Veterinary Pathology, Laboratório de Diagnóstico Patológico Veterinário (LDPV), Universidade de Brasília (UnB), SRB, Área Especial, Galpão 4, Granja do Torto, Brasília, DF 70636-020, Brazil.Universidade de BrasíliaBrazilBrasília, DF, BrazilGraduate Program in Animal Health, concentration area in Preventive Medicine and Veterinary Pathology, Laboratório de Diagnóstico Patológico Veterinário (LDPV), Universidade de Brasília (UnB), SRB, Área Especial, Galpão 4, Granja do Torto, Brasília, DF 70636-020, Brazil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3287-4098

Rômulo S.A. Eloi

Laboratório HistoPato Análise Anatomopatológica Veterinária, SHIN Qi 29, Ed. Dom Bosco, Bloco C, subsolo, Loja 41/45, Lago Sul, Brasília, DF 71675-205, Brazil.Laboratório HistoPato Análise Anatomopatológica VeterináriaBrazilBrasília, DF, BrazilLaboratório HistoPato Análise Anatomopatológica Veterinária, SHIN Qi 29, Ed. Dom Bosco, Bloco C, subsolo, Loja 41/45, Lago Sul, Brasília, DF 71675-205, Brazil.

Letícia B. Oliveira

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9051-1565

Luciana Sonne

Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, Prédio 42505, Bairro Agronomia, Porto Alegre, RS 90650-001, Brazil.Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulBrazilPorto Alegre, RS, BrazilSetor de Patologia Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, Prédio 42505, Bairro Agronomia, Porto Alegre, RS 90650-001, Brazil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3101-8134

Lucas P.O. Rezende

Laboratório de Diagnóstico Patológico Veterinário (LDPV), Universidade de Brasília (UnB), SRB, Área Especial, Galpão 04, Granja do Torto, Brasília, DF 70636-020, Brazil.Universidade de BrasíliaBrazilBrasília, DF, BrazilLaboratório de Diagnóstico Patológico Veterinário (LDPV), Universidade de Brasília (UnB), SRB, Área Especial, Galpão 04, Granja do Torto, Brasília, DF 70636-020, Brazil.

Fabiano J.F. Sant’Ana ^**Corresponding author: santanafjf@yahoo.com

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3956-1329

*Corresponding author: santanafjf@yahoo.com

Conflict of interest statement.- The authors have no competing interests.

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Figures | Tables

Figures (4)
Tables (3)

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Fig.1-4.
Canine oral malignant neoplasms. (1) Gross aspect of melanoma. (2) Neoplastic proliferation of pleomorphic melanocytes showing brown intracytoplasmic pigment. HE, obj.20x. (3) Gross view of squamous cell carcinoma affecting the gingiva. (4) Numerous nests of neoplastic keratinocytes with corneal pearls extending into the submucosa. HE, obj.10x.

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Fig.5-8.
Canine oral benign neoplasms. (5) Gross aspect of odontogenic fibroma affecting the mandibular gingiva. (6) These neoplasm is composed of proliferated spindle cells expanding the subepithelial connective tissue with irregular epithelial hyperplasia. HE, obj.10x. (7) Plasmacytoma in the ventral aspect of tongue. (8) There is proliferation of neoplastic plasma cells. HE, obj.40x.

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Fig.9-11.
Canine oral benign and malignant neoplasms. (9) Histopathological view of papilloma. HE, obj.40x. (10) Acanthomatous ameloblastoma. HE, obj.10x. (11) Fibrosarcoma. HE, obj.40x.

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Fig.12-14.
Non-neoplastic oral lesions. (12) Gross and (13) histopathological aspect of lymphplasmacytic stomatitis in a dog. (13) There are accentuated focally extensive infiltrate composed by lymphocytes and plasma cells. HE, obj.10x. (14) Canine gingival hyperplasia. There is epithelial thickening of the gingiva with hyperplasia of keratinocytes of the spinous layer. HE, obj.10x.

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Table 1.
Classification of 720 neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions diagnosed in the oral cavity of dogs in Distrito Federal, Brazil (2015-2020)

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Table 2.
Frequency and anatomical location of 432 neoplasms diagnosed in the oral cavity of dogs in Distrito Federal, Brazil (2015-2020)

Thumbnail

Table 3.
Frequency and anatomical location of 288 non-neoplastic lesions diagnosed in the oral cavity of dogs in Distrito Federal, Brazil (2015-2020)

Fig.1-4. Canine oral malignant neoplasms. (1) Gross aspect of melanoma. (2) Neoplastic proliferation of pleomorphic melanocytes showing brown intracytoplasmic pigment. HE, obj.20x. (3) Gross view of squamous cell carcinoma affecting the gingiva. (4) Numerous nests of neoplastic keratinocytes with corneal pearls extending into the submucosa. HE, obj.10x.

Fig.5-8. Canine oral benign neoplasms. (5) Gross aspect of odontogenic fibroma affecting the mandibular gingiva. (6) These neoplasm is composed of proliferated spindle cells expanding the subepithelial connective tissue with irregular epithelial hyperplasia. HE, obj.10x. (7) Plasmacytoma in the ventral aspect of tongue. (8) There is proliferation of neoplastic plasma cells. HE, obj.40x.

Fig.9-11. Canine oral benign and malignant neoplasms. (9) Histopathological view of papilloma. HE, obj.40x. (10) Acanthomatous ameloblastoma. HE, obj.10x. (11) Fibrosarcoma. HE, obj.40x.

Fig.12-14. Non-neoplastic oral lesions. (12) Gross and (13) histopathological aspect of lymphplasmacytic stomatitis in a dog. (13) There are accentuated focally extensive infiltrate composed by lymphocytes and plasma cells. HE, obj.10x. (14) Canine gingival hyperplasia. There is epithelial thickening of the gingiva with hyperplasia of keratinocytes of the spinous layer. HE, obj.10x.

Table 1. Classification of 720 neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions diagnosed in the oral cavity of dogs in Distrito Federal, Brazil (2015-2020)

Type of lesion		N			%
Neoplastic lesions		Benign	Malignant	Total	%
Epithelial neoplasm		108	64	172	23.9
	Papilloma	63
	Squamous cell carcinoma		56
	Acanthomatous ameloblastoma	38
	Basosquamous carcinoma		3
	Trichoblastoma	3
	Sebaceous epithelioma	2
	Salivary adenocarcinoma		2
	Basal cell carcinoma		1
	Sebaceous carcinoma		1
	Sebaceous adenoma	1
	Sebaceous epithelioma + papilloma	1
Round cell neoplasm		25	126	151	21.0
	Melanoma		96
	Undifferentiated round cell neoplasm		27
	Plasma cell tumor	16
	Histiocytoma	6
	Mast cell tumor		3
	Transmissible venereal tumor	2
	Melanocytoma	1
Mesenchymal neoplasm		69	40	109	15.1
	Odontogenic fibroma	68
	Fibrosarcoma		29
	Osteosarcoma		5
	Hemangiosarcoma		5
	Hemangioma	1
	Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor		1

Non-neoplastic lesions
Inflammatory lesion		230			31.9
	Lymphoplasmocytic stomatitis	143
	Suppurative stomatitis	40
	Granulomatous stomatitis	32
	Leishmaniasis	9
	Contact cheilitis	3
	Lupus	2
	Actinic keratosis	1
Hyperplasia		47			6.5
	Gingival hyperplasia	43
	Hyperplastic glossitis	4
Other lesions		11			1.5
	Sialocele/mucocele	5
	Calcinosis	4
	Collagenous hamartoma	1
	Dentigerous cyst	1
TOTAL		720			100.0

Table 2. Frequency and anatomical location of 432 neoplasms diagnosed in the oral cavity of dogs in Distrito Federal, Brazil (2015-2020)

Location		N	%
Gingiva		282	63.1
	Odontogenic fibroma	68
	Melanoma	68
	Acanthomatous ameloblastoma	38
	Squamous cell carcinoma	32
	Papilloma	25
	Fibrosarcoma	22
	Undifferentiated round cell neoplasm	14
	Plasma cell tumor	8
	Hemangiosarcoma	2
	Transmissible venereal tumor	2
	Basosquamous carcinoma	1
	Melanocytoma	1
	Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor	1
Lip		90	20.1
	Papilloma	28
	Squamous cell carcinoma	15
	Melanoma	11
	Undifferentiated round cell neoplasm	8
	Histiocytoma	6
	Fibrosarcoma	3
	Trichoblastoma	3
	Plasma cell tumor	2
	Hemangiosarcoma	2
	Mast cell tumor	2
	Sebaceous epithelioma	2
	Basal cell carcinoma	2
	Basosquamous carcinoma	2
	Hemangioma	1
	Sebaceous carcinoma	1
	Sebaceous adenoma	1
	Sebaceous epithelioma + papilloma	1
Tongue		38	8.5
	Papilloma	10
	Melanoma	8
	Squamous cell carcinoma	6
	Plasma cell tumor	6
	Undifferentiated round cell neoplasm	5
	Fibrosarcoma	1
	Hemangiosarcoma	1
	Mast cell tumor	1
Palate hard and soft		30	6.7
	Melanoma	11
	Fibrosarcoma	9
	Squamous cell carcinoma	7
	Papilloma	2
	Plasma cell tumor	1
Mandible		5	1.1
	Osteosarcoma	5
Salivary gland		2	0.4
	Salivary adenocarcinoma	2
TOTAL		447	100.0

Table 3. Frequency and anatomical location of 288 non-neoplastic lesions diagnosed in the oral cavity of dogs in Distrito Federal, Brazil (2015-2020)

Location		N	%
Gingiva		208	69.8
	Lymphoplasmacytic stomatitis	124
	Gingival hyperplasia	43
	Suppurative stomatitis	27
	Granulomatous stomatitis	8
	Lupus	2
	Leishmaniasis	2
	Calcinosis	1
	Dentigerous cyst	1
Lip		40	13.4
	Lymphoplasmacytic stomatitis	13
	Granulomatous stomatitis	10
	Suppurative stomatitis	6
	Contact cheilitis	3
	Leishmaniasis	3
	Lupus	2
	Calcinosis	1
	Collagenous hamartoma	1
	Actinic keratosis	1
Tongue		34	11.4
	Granulomatous stomatitis	13
	Suppurative stomatitis	7
	Hyperplasic glossitis	4
	Lymphoplasmacytic stomatitis	4
	Calcinosis	3
	Leishmaniasis	3
Hard and soft palate		11	3.7
	Lymphoplasmacytic stomatitis	9
	Granulomatous stomatitis	1
	Leishmaniasis	1
Salivary gland		5	1.7
	Sialocele/mucocele	5
	TOTAL	298	100.0

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Colégio Brasileiro de Patologia Animal - CBPA Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira, Caixa Postal 74.591, 23890-000 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil, Tel./Fax: (55 21) 2682-1081 - Rio de Janeiro - RJ - Brazil
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Lesions of the oral cavity of dogs: 720 cases

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[1] *Corresponding author: santanafjf@yahoo.com