Actinobacillosis outbreak in cattle with clinical manifestation of hippopotamus-like face

Actinobacillosis outbreak with clinical manifestation of hippopotamus-like face observed in a property located in the municipality of Capão do Leão, Southern Brazil, in September 2016, is described. The cattle herd remained for most of the year in rice stubble. When these areas were occupied with new crops, they were transferred to areas where there were small native forests. Three cattle were affected. They presented a volume increase in the nasolabial and maxillary region, and there was also regional lymph node swelling. The evolution of the disease occurred in approximately six months. In tissue fragments collected for culture, Actinobacillus lignieresii was isolated. The diagnosis was based on clinical findings, histopathological evaluation characterized by the presence of piogranulomas with Splendore Hoepli reaction in its center, bacterial isolation, and identification of A. lignieresii by polymerase chain reaction (PRC) and genetic sequencing.

INDEX TERMS:
Actinobacillus lignieresii; diseases of cattle; hippo face; molecular diagnostics; cattle

Authorship

Haide Valeska Scheid

Graduate Studies Program in Veterinary, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Campus Universitário Capão do Leão, Capão do Leão, RS 96010-900, Brazil.Universidade Federal de PelotasBrazilCapão do Leão, RS, BrazilGraduate Studies Program in Veterinary, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Campus Universitário Capão do Leão, Capão do Leão, RS 96010-900, Brazil.

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7855-6410

Pablo Estima-Silva

Francielle Liz Monteiro

Lucas S. Marques

Ana Carolina B. Coelho

Faculdade de Veterinária, Centro Universitário Ritter dos Reis (UniRitter), Rua Orfanotrofio 555, Alto Teresópolis, Porto Alegre, RS 90840-440, Brazil.Centro Universitário Ritter dos ReisBrazilPorto Alegre, RS, BrazilFaculdade de Veterinária, Centro Universitário Ritter dos Reis (UniRitter), Rua Orfanotrofio 555, Alto Teresópolis, Porto Alegre, RS 90840-440, Brazil.

Marcelo de Lima

Laboratório de Virologia e Imunologia (LabVir), Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Campus Universitário Capão do Leão, Capão do Leão, RS 96010-900, Brazil.Universidade Federal de PelotasBrazilCapão do Leão, RS, BrazilLaboratório de Virologia e Imunologia (LabVir), Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Campus Universitário Capão do Leão, Capão do Leão, RS 96010-900, Brazil.

Silvia R.L Ladeira

Laboratório Regional de Diagnóstico (LRD), Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Campus Universitário Capão do Leão, Capão do Leão, RS 96010-900, Brazil.Universidade Federal de PelotasBrazilCapão do Leão, RS, BrazilLaboratório Regional de Diagnóstico (LRD), Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Campus Universitário Capão do Leão, Capão do Leão, RS 96010-900, Brazil.

Ana Lucia Schild ^**Corresponding author: alschild@terra.com.br

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2470-4785

*Corresponding author: alschild@terra.com.br

Conflict of interest statement.- The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest.

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Figures | Tables

Figures (4)
Tables (1)

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Fig.1.
Actinobacillosis in cattle with clinical manifestation of hippopotamus-like face. Alignment of target sequences (primers Al). Actinobacillus lignieresii LRD16855 (sequenced sample), A. lignieresii strain NCTC 4189 (AY362892), Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae strain Shope 4074 (NR_04475), Actinobacillus suis strain JCM 2433 (LC383928), Haemophilus haemolyticus strain CIP 103290 (NR_104930), Haemphilus parainfluenzae ATCC 33392 strain CCUG 12836 (NR_042878), Glaesserella parasuis strain CCUG 3712 (NR_042879) e Conservatibacter flavenscens strain CCUG 24852 (NR_159347).

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Fig.2.
Actinobacillosis in cattle with clinical manifestation of hippopotamus-like face. There is an enlargement of the face affecting the nose and buccinator muscle. There are alopecia and peeling of the skin and serous to mucous nasal discharge.

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Fig.3.
Actinobacillosis in cattle with clinical manifestation of hippopotamus-like face. An ulcer is in the anterior portion of the palate.

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Fig.4.
Actinobacillosis in cattle with clinical manifestation of hippopotamus-like face. Pyogranulomatous lesion in subcutaneous tissue with central necrosis, neutroplhils, macrophages and lynfocites and eosinophilic material forming rosettes (Splendore Hoepli). HE, obj.40x.

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Table 1.
Identity percentage of target genetic sequencing with Actinobacillus lignieresii (primers Al)

Fig.1. Actinobacillosis in cattle with clinical manifestation of hippopotamus-like face. Alignment of target sequences (primers Al). Actinobacillus lignieresii LRD16855 (sequenced sample), A. lignieresii strain NCTC 4189 (AY362892), Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae strain Shope 4074 (NR_04475), Actinobacillus suis strain JCM 2433 (LC383928), Haemophilus haemolyticus strain CIP 103290 (NR_104930), Haemphilus parainfluenzae ATCC 33392 strain CCUG 12836 (NR_042878), Glaesserella parasuis strain CCUG 3712 (NR_042879) e Conservatibacter flavenscens strain CCUG 24852 (NR_159347).

Fig.2. Actinobacillosis in cattle with clinical manifestation of hippopotamus-like face. There is an enlargement of the face affecting the nose and buccinator muscle. There are alopecia and peeling of the skin and serous to mucous nasal discharge.

Fig.3. Actinobacillosis in cattle with clinical manifestation of hippopotamus-like face. An ulcer is in the anterior portion of the palate.

Fig.4. Actinobacillosis in cattle with clinical manifestation of hippopotamus-like face. Pyogranulomatous lesion in subcutaneous tissue with central necrosis, neutroplhils, macrophages and lynfocites and eosinophilic material forming rosettes (Splendore Hoepli). HE, obj.40x.

Table 1. Identity percentage of target genetic sequencing with Actinobacillus lignieresii (primers Al)

Strains (% identity)
Strains	A*	B	C	D	E	F	G	H
A*	ID**	100	98.3	92.3	86.8	92.3	89.6	95.6
B	100	ID	98.3	92.3	86.8	92.3	89.6	95.6
C	98.3	98.3	ID	91.2	86.8	91.8	89.0	95.0
D	92.3	92.3	91.2	ID	92.8	90.1	93.4	93.4
E	86.8	86.8	86.8	92.8	ID	89.6	93.4	87.9
F	92.3	92.3	91.8	90.1	89.6	ID	91.2	89.6
G	89.6	89.6	89.0	93.4	93.4	91.2	ID	90.7
H	95.6	95.6	95.0	93.4	87.9	89.6	90.7	ID

* A = A. lignieresii (sequenced sample LRD 16855), B = A. lignieresii strain NCTC 4189 (AY362892), C = Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae strain Shope 4074 (NR_04475), D = Actinobacillus suis strain JCM 2433 (LC383928), E = Haemophilus haemolyticus strain CIP 103290 (NR_104930), F = Haemphilus parainfluenzae ATCC 33392 strain CCUG 12836 (NR_042878), G = Glaesserella parasuis strain CCUG 3712 (NR_042879, H = Conservatibacter flavenscens strain CCUG 24852 (NR_159347); ** ID= identity.

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Actinobacillosis outbreak in cattle with clinical manifestation of hippopotamus-like face

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[1] *Corresponding author: alschild@terra.com.br