Achados clínicos de leucoencefalomalácia equina

Albertino, Lukas G.; Dias, Natália M.; Moreira, Juliana J.; Oliveira-Filho, José P.; Takahira, Regina K.; Laufer-Amorim, Renée; Borges, Alexandre S.; Amorim, Rogério M.

RESUMO:

A leucoencefalomalácia (LEM) é uma enfermidade que acomete equídeos causada pela ingestão de milho e seus derivados e feno contaminados pela micotoxina fumonisina, um metabólito do fungo Fusarium verticillioides (sinônimo para F. moniliforme). Os sinais clínicos apresentam início agudo e evolução rápida e são decorrentes de lesões encefálicas. O objetivo deste estudo é descrever os achados clínicos de 11 equídeos diagnosticados com LEM, incluindo a análise do líquido cefalorraquidiano (LCR). 91% dos animais afetados eram equinos e somente 9% (1/11) era asinino. A localização clínica das lesões era 64% (7/10) cerebrais, manifestadas por alterações no estado mental e comportamento e 36% (4/10) no tronco encefálico, manifestadas por incoordenação, desvio lateral de cabeça, nistagmo, hipoalgesia da face e dificuldade de apreensão, mastigação e deglutição de alimentos. Comparativamente, os achados post mortem revelaram que 82% (9/11) das lesões eram no cérebro e 18% (2/11) no tronco encefálico. Alterações no LCR, tais como xantocromia (43%, 3/7), hiperproteinorraquia (50%, 3/6) e pleocitose (43%, 3/7), foram observadas. Os animais afetados apresentaram sinais clínicos compatíveis com lesões encefálicas e/ou de tronco cerebral. O LCR de animais com LEM pode apresentar xantocromia, hiperproteinorraquia, e pleocitose, reforçando que esta doença deve ser incluída como diagnóstico diferencial de encefalomielites.

TERMOS DE INDEXAÇÃO:
Leucoencefalomalácia; equinos; aspectos epidemiológicos; aspectos clínicos

[1] *Corresponding author: rogerio.amorim@unesp.br

Identification	Breed	Sex	Age	Clinical signs
Equine 1	Mixed breed	F	17 years	Mental state depressed, compulsive walking, incoordination and ptosis
Equine 2	Mangalarga	F	5 years	Head tilt, decrease or loss of face sensibility and incoordination
Equine 3	Quarter horse	M	9 years	Hyperexcitability, compulsive walking, incoordination and fasciculations
Equine 4	Quarter horse	F	3.6 years	Mental state depressed, bilateral blindness, head pressing and focal convulsions
Equine 5	Miniature horse	M	8 months	Semi-comatose state, bilateral blindness, incoordination and nystagmus
Equine 6	Miniature horse	F	1.6 years	Semi-comatose state, incoordination, bilateral blindness, focal convulsions and nystagmus
Equine 7	Mixed breed	F	18 years	Mental state depressed, focal convulsions, decrease or loss of face sensibility, ptosis and incoordination
Equine 8	Mixed breed	M	6 years	Mental state depressed, incoordination, difficulty of gripping, chewing and swallowing food and ptosis
Equine 9	Miniature donkey	F	5 years	Mental state depressed, incoordination, compulsive walking, decrease or loss of face sensibility, difficulty of gripping, chewing and swallowing food and nystagmus
Equine 10	Quarter horse	F	1.8 years	Not performed
Equine 11	Mangalarga	F	4 years	Hyperexcitability, head pressing, incoordination, nystagmus and bilateral blindness

Identification	Serum biochemistry					Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
Identification	Urea (21.4-51.36 mg/dL)	Creatinine (1.2-1.9 mg/dL)	AST (226.0-366.0 UI/L)	ALP (143.0-395.0 UI/L)	GGT (4.3-13.4 UI/L)	Color	Aspect	Protein (20- 80 mg/dL)	Cellularity (0-8/μL)
Equine 3	55.6 mg/dL	2.0 mg/dL	222.0 UI/L	704.0 UI/L	35.1 UI/L	Not performed	Not performed	Not performed	Not performed
Equine 4	44.2 mg/dL	0.8 mg/dL	300.0 UI/L	575.0 UI/L	25.1 UI/L	Xanthochromic	Clear	84.5 mg/dL	103 cells/μL - Predominance of neutrophils, followed by lymphocytes and monocytes
Equine 5	36.9 mg/dL	1.4 mg/dL	555.0 UI/L	376.0 UI/L	Not performed	Colorless	Clear	27.4 mg/dL	2 cells/μL - Predominance of lymphocytes, followed by machropages and mononuclear cells
Equine 7	50.0 mg/dL	1.8 mg/dL	604.0 UI/L	1003.0 UI/L	101.0 UI/L	Colorless	Clear	42.0 mg/dL	0 cells/μL - Predominance of lymphocytes, followed by neutrophils and mononuclear cells
Equine 8	78.8 mg/dL	1.6 mg/dL	505.0 UI/L	578.0 UI/L	70.0 UI/L	Colorless	Clear	59.3 mg/dL	7 cells/μl - Predominance of lymphocytes, followed by neutrophils and mononuclear cells
Equine 9	29.5 mg/dL	1.41 mg/dL	371.0 UI/L	109.0 UI/L	21.0 UI/L	Reddish	Clear	Not performed	32 cells/μl - Predominance of mononuclear cells, followed by lymphocytes, neutrophils and machropages
Equine 10	40.8 mg/dL	2.4 mg/dL	570.0 UI/L	416.0 UI/L	4.9 UI/L	Xanthochromic	Turbidity	120.5 mg/dL	6 cells/μL - Predominance of lymphocytes, followed by mononuclear cells, neutrophils and machropages
Equine 11	61.0 mg/dL	2.1 mg/dL	449.0 UI/L	227.0 UI/L	46.7 UI/L	Xanthochromic	Clear	490.3 mg/dL	12 cells/μL - Predominance of lymphocytes, followed by neutrophils and mononuclear cells

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Achados clínicos de leucoencefalomalácia equina

RESUMO: