A retrospective study was carried out on 6,021 necropsies of cattle performed over a 36-year period in southern Brazil. Of those, 552 (9.16%) presented neurological clinical signs and their necropsy protocols were reviewed to gather information on type of gross and histopathological diagnosis, etiology, and clinical signs. In 147 cases (26.63% of 552) there were no significant lesions in the central nervous system, in 79 (14.31% of 552) no samples of nervous tissue were submitted to the laboratory and in 21 (3.81% of 552) the tissues submitted were autolysed and not suitable for histological diagnosis. Lesions found in the remaining 305 cases were classified as inflammatory, degenerative, circulatory, congenital, and neoplastic. The inflammatory lesions accounted for the largest category (66.89% of 305 cases). This was further divided in lesions caused by viruses (57.38% of 305 cases) and by bacteria (9.51% of 305 cases). Diseases caused by viruses were rabies (49.51% of 305 cases), necrotizing meningo-encephalitis by bovine herpesvirus (4.59% of 305 cases), and malignant catarrhal fever (3.28% of 305 cases). The degenerative changes were represented by 74 cases (24.26% of 305 cases) and included status spongiosus due to liver failure induced by Senecio spp poisoning (10.49% of 305 cases) or to the direct effect of poisoning by Ateleia glazioviana (0.33% of 305 cases); cases of liver failure not associated with morphological changes in the brain (2.95% of 305 cases), myelomalacia due to cord compression (2.62% of 305 cases), primary neuronal degeneration associated with Solanum fastigiatum poisoning (2.29% of 305 cases); polioencephalomalacia (1.97% of 305 cases); tetanus (1.31% of 305 cases) and intestinal coccidiosis in calves, ketosis, and botulism with one case each (0.33% of 305 cases). Circulatory disturbances accounted for 19 cases (6.23% of 305 cases) and included cerebral babesiosis (5.57% of 305 cases) and hemorrhages due to trauma (0.66% of 305 cases). Congenital conditions represented 2.29% of the 305 cases and included cerebelar abiotrophy (two cases) and one case each of porencephaly, hypomyelinogenesis, demyelination, hydrocephalus, and cerebellar malformation. Only one neuroectodermal neoplasm (0.33% of 305 cases) was found in this series.
Central nervous system; diseases of cattle; pathology
