Brazilian Loneliness Scale: Evidence of Validity Based on Relations to Depression, Anxiety and Stress

Barroso, Sabrina Martins; Ferreira, Heloísa Gonçalves; Araujo, Felipe Costa

doi:10.1590/1413-82712021260313

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Papers • Psico-USF 26 (3) • Jul-Sep 2021 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-82712021260313 copy

Brazilian Loneliness Scale: Evidence of Validity Based on Relations to Depression, Anxiety and Stress

Escala Brasileira de Solidão: Evidência de Validade Baseada na Relação Entre Depressão, Ansiedade e Estresse

Escala Brasileña de Soledad: Evidencia de Validez Baseada en la Relación Entre Depression, Ansiedad y Estrés

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

This paper aimed mainly to investigate the relationships between Brazilian Loneliness Scale (UCLA-BR) and the levels of depression, anxiety and stress in Brazilian college students. These concepts were assessed using validated scales (Patient Health Questionnaire - PHQ-9, Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale - DASS-21, Beck Anxiety Inventory - BAI and Lipp Stress Symptom Inventory - ISSL). A total of 325 college students participated and responded all the instruments. Descriptive, correlational and group differences analyzes were conducted. The prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress varied depending on the instrument used. UCLA-BR presented evidence of validity based on relationships with depression, anxiety and stress, especially depression (assessed by DASS-21). Analysis of measurement scales can help to understand aspects of college students’ mental health.

Keywords:
testing; depression; anxiety; stress; college students

Scales	Internal Consistency
UCLA-BR	0,95
PHQ-9	0,89
BAI	0,93
ISSL	0,91
DASS-21	0,94

	Variable	n	%	(DP)
Loneliness - UCLA-BR				22.60 (14.48)
	Minimal	171	52.6
	Low	87	26.8
	Moderate	47	14.5
	Severe	20	6.2
Depression - PHQ-9				12.16 (6.78)
	Absence	133	40.9
	Low	71	21.8
	Moderate	70	21.5
	Severe	51	15.7
Depression - DASS-21				6.92 (5.43)
	Normal	126	38.8
	Low	57	17.5
	Moderate	59	18.2
	Severe	35	10.8
	Extremely Severe	48	14.8
Anxiety - BAI				19.59 (12.40)
	Minimal	96	29.5
	Low	77	23.7
	Moderate	85	26.2
	Severe	67	20.6
Anxiety - DASS-21				4.18 (4.31)
	Normal	181	55.7
	Low	24	7.4
	Moderate	56	17.2
	Severe	23	7.1
	Extremely Severe	41	12.6
Stress - ISSL
	Absence	70	21.5
	Resistance Stage	130	40.0
	Near-exhaustion Stage	03	0.09
	Exhaustion Stage	122	37.5
Stress- DASS-21				8.21 (5.17)
	Normal	157	48.3
	Low	38	11.7
	Moderate	63	19.4
	Severe	42	12.9
	Extremely Severe	25	7.7

		DASS-21
		Normal	Low	Moderate	Severe	Extremely Severe	χ²	rho
PHQ-9							155.72**	0.59*
	Absence	83	27	16	06	01
	Low	26	14	17	09	05
	Moderate	17	13	16	13	11
	Severe	00	03	10	07	31

BAI							110.17**	0.47*
	Minimal	84	06	06	00	00
	Low	40	10	19	06	02
	Moderate	35	03	20	13	14
	Severe	22	24	56	23	41

ISSL							107.79**	0.55*
	Absence	62	04	02	02	00
	Resistance Stage	71	19	23	14	03
	Near-exhaustion Stage	01	00	01	01	00
	Exhaustion Stage	23	15	37	25	22

UCLA-BR
	Total Score	Minimal	Low	Moderate	Severe
PHQ-9	0.48**	-0.38**	0.15**	0.19**	0.24**
BAI	0.35**	-0.25**	0.10	0.13*	0.15**
ISSL: stress classification	0.49**	-0.37**	0.07	0.29**	0.21**
DASS-21: depression	0.64**	-0.55**	0.21**	0.33**	0.26**
DASS-21: anxiety	0.47**	-0.38**	0.16**	0.19**	0.23**
DASS-21: stress	0.48**	-0.40**	0.20**	0.19**	0.20**

Universidade de São Francisco, Programa de Pós-Graduação Stricto Sensu em Psicologia R. Waldemar César da Silveira, 105, Vl. Cura D'Ars (SWIFT), Campinas - São Paulo, CEP 13045-510, Telefone: (19)3779-3771 - Campinas - SP - Brazil
E-mail: revistapsico@usf.edu.br

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