Business engineering incubators: a cooperation case for cluster’s development

Oliveira, Antônio Honorato de; Marins, Fernando Augusto Silva; Delamaro, Maurício César

doi:10.1590/0103-6513.20180001

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Sumário

Systematic Review • Prod. 28 • 2018 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-6513.20180001 copy

Business engineering incubators: a cooperation case for cluster’s development

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Paper aims

To present the performance and contributions of a business incubator that acts as a link between the members of an industrial cluster and a higher education institution that acts in the field of engineering.

Originality

Most articles focus on incubators from the point of view of internal activities, the nature of incubation processes, and financing intermediary programs for nascent businesses. This work aimed to broaden the traditional approach of the academic constructs researched on the role of business incubators by bringing the contributions of one of the largest Brazilian business incubators to the formation and development of an industrial cluster.

Research method

The results represent the extract from a case study. The inductive method of basic research with a combined approach is applied for exploratory and descriptive purposes, using documentary analysis and field research.

Main findings

This paper addresses a successful integration between an engineering school and the business environment through its incubator while summarizes the trajectory of this incubator, and highlights, among other contributions to the local industrial cluster, the significant survival rate of its graduated companies.

Implications for theory and practice

Coordinated actions among members of the triple helix model are evidenced in this paper and may form the basis for similar experiments involving government agencies, educational institutions and the industrial environment.

Keywords
Triple helix model; Business engineering incubator; Clusters; Innovation; Development

Excerpt from publications
- For the technology-based companies existing in the city, the proximity to INATEL has been possible thanks to the objective of this teaching and research institution to provide skilled and specialized workforce in the various electronics, IT and telecommunications segments, favoring significantly the cluster companies, which also benefit from access to laboratories and services provided by this school. In particular, the interaction between companies and educational and research centers (in the form of business incubators) has been determining positive externalities ( Botelho et al., 2007 Botelho, M. R. A., Carrijo, M. C., & Kamasaki, G. Y. (2007). Inovações, pequenas empresas e interações com instituições de ensino/pesquisa em arranjos produtivos locais de setores de tecnologia avançada. Revista Brasileira de Inovação, 6(2), 331-371. http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/rbi.v6i2.8648951. http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/rbi.v6i2.864... ).
- 78% of the local cluster of entrepreneurs confirm the importance of business incubator to develop and support the entrepreneur in the early years of the business organization.
- The Inatel incubator is a determining factor for the support of new technology-based ventures in the region in the early years of life.
- The incubator of companies represents 92% of importance when associated to the regional development,
- The key assumptions described by entrepreneurs indicate the perception of the business incubator, as it can be seen below:
- Assistance in the consolidation of companies due to regional and national reference as a technological pole and generation of skilled labor.
- Provide a structure for access to information and facilities for the project.
- Source of promotion of the technological development of incubated companies.
- Support for the economic development of the region.
- Make innovative projects and ideas viable to the market, effectively contributing to the development of a regional technological base.
- Support in the development of innovations.
- Importance in guiding the application of resources in product development.
- Intermediation in obtaining new technologies to be applied in the company.
- Intermediation of the access to financing and incentives that make feasible the enterprise.
- The incubator is the most used entrepreneurs support resource,
- The structure offered by the incubator to reinforce the entrepreneurial activity in areas of technological knowledge.
- It is a source of small and medium-sized business attractiveness.
- 85.71% of the companies that seek the incubator have a central interest in innovation ( Santos & Paula, 2012 Santos, I. C., & Paula, R. M. D. (2012). A especialização tecnológica local como indutora do empreendedorismo e do desenvolvimento regional: o caso do Vale da Eletrônica brasileiro. Gestão & Regionalidade, 28(82), 65-82. http://dx.doi.org/10.13037/gr.vol28n82.1413. ).
Santa Rita's electronic cluster would exemplify the importance of two institutional elements: governance and the intervention of educational entities that, in addition to ensuring the qualification of the workforce, assumed the task of incubating companies ( Sousa et al., 2015 Sousa, A. R. D., Brito, M. J. D., Silva, P. J., & Araújo, U. P. (2015). Cooperação no Apl de Santa Rita. Revista de Administração Mackenzie , 16(1), 157-187. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-69712015/administracao.v16n1p157-187. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-69712015... )

	Minas Gerais	INATEL	Participation of INATEL
Number of incubators	23	1	4.3%
Incubated companies	146	11	7.5%
Graduated companies	283	58	20%

Quantity	Spaces and Features
11	Rooms of 30 square meters, intended for incubated enterprises
01	Room of 25 square meters destined to the Junior Company
01	Meeting room
01	Library
01	Training room, equipped with multimedia capabilities
04	Rooms for the Pre-Incubation Program
05	Rooms for the management team
01	Prototyping laboratory
01	Reception
01	Living room
01	Circulation area
06	Sanitary facilities

Occurrences in the period 1992-2017
Initial number of vacancies made available for incubation	06
Current number of vacancies for incubation of companies	14
Average number of candidates per job since foundation	04
Companies incubated since the creation of the incubator	90
Average number of graduated companies per year	03
Retention of incubated companies	64.5%
Total number of students participating in incubation programs	350
External entrepreneurs in incubation programs	60
Jobs in the incubator	1,000
Trainees developed in the incubator	700
Total of graduated companies	58
Graduated companies working in the local cluster	45

SCOPE OF RESEARCH	MORTALITY (Failure)	SURVIVAL (Success)
ALL COMPANIES IN GENERAL	24.4%	75.6%
Research conducted by the Brazilian Micro and Small Business Support Service	24.4%	75.6%
COMPANIES BORN BY INCUBATOR SYSTEM
Associação Nacional de Entidades Promotoras de Empreendimentos inovadores - ANPROTEC	20%	80%
Municipal Incubator	12%	88%
Research incubator	10%	90%

Year	Awards
2005	Anprotec Award – ‘Best Incubation Program for Innovative Entrepreneurs in the Country’ and ‘Best Project to Promote the Culture of Innovative Entrepreneurship’
2005	Student Guide Award - Best Universities - Entrepreneurship
2012	Finep Innovation Award - Brazil's most innovative ICT
2013	Santander Universities Award Student Guide - partnership with the private sector
2014	Anprotec Award - Best Business Incubator focused on local and sectorial development
2015	Santander Universities Award Student Guide - Highlights of the Year - fundraising
2016	Mobilizing Incubator Award - Bloombtech Program - initiative of SEBRAE-MG, RMI and Minas Gerais government.

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Purposes	To stimulate the entrepreneurial spirit of the academics and alumni, to improve the professional qualification of the engineers trained by it, to support the emergence and development of companies and products through the incubation of technological-based enterprises
Management	The Program is conducted by a manager appointed by the coordinator of the entrepreneurship center.
Goals	To promote the selection of projects between the proposals made by alumni and current scholars to research or development, or demonstrating the possibility of become products or services, or with specific perspectives to be produced or used in industrial scale.
Linking	The program shelters the following companies: a) Incubators Residents; B) Associated Incubates; C) Associated Graduates.