QFD and TRIZ integration in product development: a Model for Systematic Optimization of Engineering Requirements

Naveiro, Ricardo Manfredi; Oliveira, Vinicius Motta de

doi:10.1590/0103-6513.20170093

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Research Article • Prod. 28 • 2018 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-6513.20170093 copy

QFD and TRIZ integration in product development: a Model for Systematic Optimization of Engineering Requirements

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Paper aims

Proposal of a Model for Systematic Optimization of Engineering Requirements applied to product concept development and based on a two-level integration of the methods Quality Function Deployment (QFD) and Theory of Inventive Problem Solving (TRIZ).

Originality

Requirements extraction directly from patent documents in order to identity the most relevant user requirements as well as the technical requirements interactions through a QFD matrix. Then, TRIZ Contradiction Matrix is used to withdraw the requirements contradictions through inventive principles in order to enable the product conception.

Research method

Case Study which enables the Model construction inductively through its application on the development of a mortar ammunition concept.

Main findings

A product concept comprising innovative features which reflect the laws of technology evolution from TRIZ.

Implications for theory and practice

The product concept definition points to the academic relevance of an integration model which identify the technical requirements objectively from patent documents.

Keywords
Product requirements; Technical contradictions; Technology evolution; Customer needs

Nº	Inventive Principle	Nº	Inventive Principle
1	Segmentation	21	Rushing Through
2	Extraction	22	Convert Harm Into Benefit
3	Local Quality	23	Feedback
4	Asymmetry	24	Mediator
5	Consolidation	25	Self-service
6	Universality	26	Copying
7	Nesting	27	Dispose
8	Counterweight	28	Replacement of Mechanical System
9	Prior Counteraction	29	Pneumatic or Hydraulic Construction
10	Prior Action	30	Flexible Membranes or Thin Films
11	Cushion in Advance	31	Porous Material
12	Equipotentiality	32	Changing the Color
13	Do It in Reverse	33	Homogeneity
14	Spheroidality	34	Rejecting and Regenerating Parts
15	Dynamicity	35	Transformation of Properties
16	Partial or Excessive Action	36	Phase Transition
17	Transition Into a New Dimension	37	Thermal Expansion
18	Mechanical Vibration	38	Accelerated Oxidation
19	Periodic Action	39	Inert Environment
20	Continuity of Useful Action	40	Composite Materials

Nº	Engineering Parameters	Nº	Engineering Parameters
1	Weight of a mobile object	21	Power
2	Weight of a stationary object	22	Loss of energy
3	Length of a mobile object	23	Loss of substance
4	Length of a stationary object	24	Loss of information
5	Area of a mobile object	25	Loss of time
6	Area of a stationary object	26	Amount of substance
7	Volume of a mobile object	27	Reliability
8	Volume of a stationary object	28	Accuracy of measurement
9	Speed	29	Accuracy of manufacturing
10	Force	30	Harmful factors acting on an object from outside
11	Tension / Pressure	30	Harmful factors acting on an object from outside
12	Shape	31	Harmful factor developed by an object
13	Stability of composition	32	Manufacturability
14	Strength	33	Convenience of use
15	Time of action of a moving object	34	Repairability
16	Time of action of a stationary object	35	Adaptability
17	Temperature	36	Complexity of a device
18	Brightness	37	Complexity of control
19	Energy spent by a moving object	38	Level of automation
20	Energy spent by a stationary object	39	Capacity / Productivity

Database	1º Term	2º Term	Total	1º Filter	2º Filter
USPTO	Mortar	Ammunition	18	18	3
EPO	Mortar	Ammunition	127	101	29

Index	Technical Requirement
RT01	The projectile shall contain a thermally actionable luminescent chemical marker
RT02	The propulsion subsystem shall be disconnected from the projectile right after firing
RT03	The additional propulsion charges cases shall be arranged longitudinally along the axis of the charge-carrying tube
RT04	The additional propulsion charges cases shall be covered by impermeable nitrocellulose film
RT05	The propellant charges must contain modified pyroxylin powder with low dependence on the combustion rate related to the pressure
RT06	The initial propulsion charge shall be contained in cylindrical cartridge with a length to diameter ratio of 5.5 / 6.5
RT07	The initial propulsion cartridge shall be inserted in a metal tube with a perforation to surface ratio of 0.030 / 0.035
RT08	The initial propulsion cartridge shall contain a primer igniter with black powder at the rate of 5.0 / 5.5% by weight related to the initial propulsion load
RT09	The projectile shall contain an additional propulsion charge inside the grenade with delayed trigger mechanism with an exclusive igniter
RT10	The projectile shall contain articulated aerodynamic fins which open after firing fixed to the grenade by means of a rod
RT11	The grenade shall contain a fuze in its lower part with a pyrotechnic device for delayed trigger mechanism composed by a transmission charge with low burning rate
RT12	The grenade shall have protrusions on its inner surface which prevent the movement of the main explosive charge
RT13	The grenade shall have a previously fragmented coating with lower tensile strength
RT14	The fins shall be made of lightweight metal alloy
RT15	The fins shall be coupled to an ejectable propulsion device containing grooves on its outer surface capable of preventing the exhaust of the propulsion gases during firing
RT16	The fins shall comprise retractable stabilizing flaps holded by an ejection device containing grooves on its outer surface capable of preventing the escape of the propulsion gases during the firing
RT17	The projectile shall have a diametrically opposite pair of side fins located at the rear of the shell body in addition to the stabilizing fins
RT18	The projectile shall have the tip angle formed by the fuze and the shell body up to its maximum diameter between 4° and 20°
RT19	The projectile shall contain a self-propelled charge with exclusive igniter with delayed trigger mechanism coupled to an ejectable propulsion device
RT20	The stabilization fins shall have oblique radial edge and a parallel axial edge related to the longitudinal axis of the ammunition in order to deflect the air against the side face of the fins
RT21	The grenade shall have a metal skirt at its rear that allows the ammunition to fall through the tube of the weapon and whose end can be expanded by the propulsion gases in order to retain them inside the tube during firing
RT22	The fuze must contain a delaying mechanism adjustable by external key
RT23	The stabilization fins shall have rectangular plates coupled transversely to their respective rear edges
RT24	The initial propulsion cartridge shall consist of a tube containing the propellant charge with the top end closed and the bottom end connected to the base containing the igniter being both parts made of synthetic polymer
RT25	The initial propulsion cartridge shall consist of a tube containing the propellant charge with the top end closed and the bottom end connected to the base containing the igniter through grooves and protrusions
RT26	The initial propulsion cartridge shall be fixed within the fins axial tube by a deformable polymer flange
RT27	The grenade shall have spherical steel projectiles stored inside the wall
RT28	The fuze shall have a safety mechanism which allows the alignment of the explosive chain after firing through a retractable fin which opens due to the air resistance
RT29	The main explosive charge shall be PETN
RT30	The fuze shall have an explosive chain consisting of a sequence of explosives with a decreasing sensitivity up to the main charge with a density change of 1.2 to 1.7 g/cm ³
RT31	The fuze shall have deformable side sections linked to axial bores capable of conveying oblique impact
RT32	The propulsion cartridge shall have an initial charge in the longitudinal axis of the ammunition and additional concentric charges parallel to the first axis and triggered by the initial charge through selective holes
RT33	The initial propulsion cartridge shall have two igniters located at opposite ends connected by axial tube in order to trigger the projection charge located on the side of the cartridge in a downward direction

Index	User Requirement	Average Rating
RU01	The initial propulsion charge shall remain fixed during storage and transport of the ammunition	3.6
RU02	The additional propulsion charges shall not be damaged during storage and transport of ammunition	3.9
RU03	The projectile shall not detonate before firing	5.0
RU04	The projectile shall not detonate right after firing	5.0
RU05	The projectile detonation shall be delayed from the moment of impact	2.7
RU06	The projectile detonation shall not fail	4.3
RU07	The projectile trajectory shall be visually marked	2.6
RU08	The shot range shall be maximum	3.7
RU09	The shot range shall be changeable	4.2
RU10	The shot accuracy shall be maximum	4.3
RU11	The projectile lethality shall be maximum	3.8
RU12	The ammunition shall be used against ballistic armor	3.6

1st Original Technical Requirement	2nd Original Technical Requirement	1st Effect	2nd Effect	Derived Technical Requirement
RT02	RT10	Range	Precision	RT34
RT03	RT10	Variation	Precision	RT35
RT09	RT29	Range	Lethality	RT36
RT09	RT11	Range	Effectiveness	RT37
RT15	RT11	Range	Effectiveness	RT38 / RT39
RT28	RT31	Safety	Effectiveness	RT40
RT32	RT06	Variation	Range	RT41
RT32	RT07	Variation	Range	RT41
RT32	RT08	Variation	Range	RT41
RT32	RT24	Variation	Range	RT41
RT32	RT33	Variation	Range	RT41

1º Effect	2º Effect	1º Parameter	2º Parameter	Inventive Principle
Range	Precision	Loss of substance	Reliability	Prior Action / Transformation of Properties
Variation	Precision	Adaptability	Reliability	Mediator
Range	Lethality	Time of action of a moving object	Volume of a mobile object	Extraction / Prior Action
Range	Effectiveness	Time of action of a moving object	Reliability	Extraction / Do It in Reverse
Range	Effectiveness	Loss of substance / Tension or Pressure	Reliability	Do It in Reverse / Prior Action
Safety	Effectiveness	Area of a mobile object	Reliability	Prior Counteraction
Variation	Range	Adaptability	Force	Transition Into a New Dimension

Index	Technical Requirement
RT34	The projectile shall have retractable aerodynamic wings for longitudinal rotation and attached to the grenade through a rod connected to an ejectable propulsion subsystem
RT35	The projectile shall have retractable aerodynamic fins attached to the grenade through a rod connected to an ejectable propulsion subsystem containing additional propulsion removable charges disposed longitudinally along its axis
RT36	The projectile shall have grenade filled with PETN with external rod containing additional propulsion charge connected to an ejectable propulsion subsystem
RT37	The projectile shall have an external rod containing a fuze with a delayed trigger mechanism on its front and an additional propulsion charge on its inner rear part connected to an ejectable propulsion subsystem
RT38	The projectile shall have a rear fuze with an exclusive delayed trigger mechanism within an ejection propulsion subsystem with reverse propellant charge, which is triggered by the propulsion gases through radial holes as well as the delayed trigger mechanism
RT39	The ejectable propulsion subsystem shall have an upper flange with an external diameter equal to the caliber of the ammunition and the external surface containing a pair of parallel grooves
RT40	The projectile shall have a front fuze with a retractable flap that aligns the explosive chain when opened by air flow as well as rear fuze with a pyrotechnic delayed trigger mechanism composed by low burning rate charge
RT41	The propulsion subsystem shall have removable additional propulsion charges longitudinally along its axis with an initial propulsion pyrotechnic charge connected to a impact igniter

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