We examined relations between the understanding of gratitude (GRA) and the development of a theory of mind (TOM). The study was done with 228 5-year-old North American children (53% female). We tested the following hypotheses: (a) there are no sex differences in GRA or TOM, (b) children who perform better on TOM tasks have better GRA, (c) TOM is a necessary condition for GRA. We used three tasks to evaluate TOM: visual perspective taking, first-order false belief, and second-order false belief. The children were read two vignettes about gratitude. GRA was evaluated based on children's responses to questions asked after each vignette was read. The first two hypotheses were supported. The hypothesis that TOM would be a necessary condition for GRA did not receive sufficient empirical support.
Gratitude; theory of mind; development; children
