Validity and reliability of the Chinese version of Threats of Artificial Intelligence Scale (TAI) in Chinese adults

Cai, Jie; Xu, Zixuan; Sun, Xiaoning; Guo, Xiaojun; Fu, Xurong

doi:10.1186/s41155-023-00247-1

Jie Cai

conception and design

acquisition of data

Drafted and/or revised the article

Approved the submitted version for publication

read and approved the final manuscript

Department of Psychology, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China

† Jie Cai and Zixuan Xu have contributed equally to this work. † Jie Cai and Zixuan Xu are co-first authors of the article.

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9175-3048

Zixuan Xu

conception and design

acquisition of data

analysis and interpretation of data

Approved the submitted version for publication

read and approved the final manuscript

Department of Psychology, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China

† Jie Cai and Zixuan Xu have contributed equally to this work. † Jie Cai and Zixuan Xu are co-first authors of the article.

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5504-9854

Xiaoning Sun

Drafted and/or revised the article

Approved the submitted version for publication

read and approved the final manuscript

Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5797-2124

Xiaojun Guo

Drafted and/or revised the article

Approved the submitted version for publication

read and approved the final manuscript

School of Education Science, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6694-3827

Xurong Fu ^**Correspondence: Xurong Fu fuxurongnjnu@163.com

acquisition of data

Approved the submitted version for publication

read and approved the final manuscript

Institute of Mental Health, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing, China

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0980-4094

*Correspondence: Xurong Fu fuxurongnjnu@163.com

†
Jie Cai and Zixuan Xu have contributed equally to this work.

†
Jie Cai and Zixuan Xu are co-first authors of the article.

Competing interests

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Variables		Sample 1		Sample 2
Variables		N	%	N	%
Gender
	Male	376	57.49	590	39.78
	Female	273	41.74	661	44.57
	Others	5	0.76	232	15.64
Age
	< 18	42	6.42	54	3.64
	18–25	258	39.45	305	20.57
	26–34	253	38.69	549	37.02
	35–54	85	13	283	19.08
	55–64	10	1.53	111	7.49
	≥ 65	6	0.92	181	12.22
Occupational information
	Student	143	21.87	146	9.85
	Salesman	158	24.16	349	23.53
	Professional (e.g., accountants,	214	32.72	469	31.63
lawyers, medical staff)
	Manager	97	14.83	213	14.36
	Housekeeper	27	4.13	93	6.27
	Others	15	2.29	213	14.36
Highest academic credentials
	High school or below	93	14.22	148	9.98
	College	231	35.33	502	33.85
	Bachelor degree	263	40.21	553	37.29
	Graduate degree or above	67	10.25	280	18.88

	Loan origination		Job recruitment		Medical treatment
	t	r	t	r	t	r
Q1	24.49^ p <. 01. r denotes item-total correlation. t denotes the discrimination index	.78^ p <. 01. r denotes item-total correlation. t denotes the discrimination index	27.94^ p <. 01. r denotes item-total correlation. t denotes the discrimination index	.82^ p <. 01. r denotes item-total correlation. t denotes the discrimination index	29.24^ p <. 01. r denotes item-total correlation. t denotes the discrimination index	.82^ p <. 01. r denotes item-total correlation. t denotes the discrimination index
Q2	26.52^ p <. 01. r denotes item-total correlation. t denotes the discrimination index	.83^ p <. 01. r denotes item-total correlation. t denotes the discrimination index	24.38^ p <. 01. r denotes item-total correlation. t denotes the discrimination index	.81^ p <. 01. r denotes item-total correlation. t denotes the discrimination index	24.68^ p <. 01. r denotes item-total correlation. t denotes the discrimination index	.80^ p <. 01. r denotes item-total correlation. t denotes the discrimination index
Q3	24.71^ p <. 01. r denotes item-total correlation. t denotes the discrimination index	.83^ p <. 01. r denotes item-total correlation. t denotes the discrimination index	25.91^ p <. 01. r denotes item-total correlation. t denotes the discrimination index	.82^ p <. 01. r denotes item-total correlation. t denotes the discrimination index	27.12^ p <. 01. r denotes item-total correlation. t denotes the discrimination index	.84^ p <. 01. r denotes item-total correlation. t denotes the discrimination index
Q4	26.96^ p <. 01. r denotes item-total correlation. t denotes the discrimination index	.84^ p <. 01. r denotes item-total correlation. t denotes the discrimination index	26.32^ p <. 01. r denotes item-total correlation. t denotes the discrimination index	.82^ p <. 01. r denotes item-total correlation. t denotes the discrimination index	24.74^ p <. 01. r denotes item-total correlation. t denotes the discrimination index	.80^ p <. 01. r denotes item-total correlation. t denotes the discrimination index
Q5	26.03^ p <. 01. r denotes item-total correlation. t denotes the discrimination index	.84^ p <. 01. r denotes item-total correlation. t denotes the discrimination index	24.05^ p <. 01. r denotes item-total correlation. t denotes the discrimination index	.79^ p <. 01. r denotes item-total correlation. t denotes the discrimination index	28.65^ p <. 01. r denotes item-total correlation. t denotes the discrimination index	.82^ p <. 01. r denotes item-total correlation. t denotes the discrimination index
Q6	26.86^ p <. 01. r denotes item-total correlation. t denotes the discrimination index	.84^ p <. 01. r denotes item-total correlation. t denotes the discrimination index	29.02^ p <. 01. r denotes item-total correlation. t denotes the discrimination index	.84^ p <. 01. r denotes item-total correlation. t denotes the discrimination index	26.56^ p <. 01. r denotes item-total correlation. t denotes the discrimination index	.82^ p <. 01. r denotes item-total correlation. t denotes the discrimination index
Q7	24.92^ p <. 01. r denotes item-total correlation. t denotes the discrimination index	.83^ p <. 01. r denotes item-total correlation. t denotes the discrimination index	25.93^ p <. 01. r denotes item-total correlation. t denotes the discrimination index	.82^ p <. 01. r denotes item-total correlation. t denotes the discrimination index	28.71^ p <. 01. r denotes item-total correlation. t denotes the discrimination index	.83^ p <. 01. r denotes item-total correlation. t denotes the discrimination index
Q8	27.18^ p <. 01. r denotes item-total correlation. t denotes the discrimination index	.84^ p <. 01. r denotes item-total correlation. t denotes the discrimination index	25.52^ p <. 01. r denotes item-total correlation. t denotes the discrimination index	.82^ p <. 01. r denotes item-total correlation. t denotes the discrimination index	25.83^ p <. 01. r denotes item-total correlation. t denotes the discrimination index	.83^ p <. 01. r denotes item-total correlation. t denotes the discrimination index
Q9	26.28^ p <. 01. r denotes item-total correlation. t denotes the discrimination index	.84^ p <. 01. r denotes item-total correlation. t denotes the discrimination index	27.01^ p <. 01. r denotes item-total correlation. t denotes the discrimination index	.81^ p <. 01. r denotes item-total correlation. t denotes the discrimination index	26.58^ p <. 01. r denotes item-total correlation. t denotes the discrimination index	.83^ p <. 01. r denotes item-total correlation. t denotes the discrimination index
Q10	25.89^ p <. 01. r denotes item-total correlation. t denotes the discrimination index	.83^ p <. 01. r denotes item-total correlation. t denotes the discrimination index	26.83^ p <. 01. r denotes item-total correlation. t denotes the discrimination index	.81^ p <. 01. r denotes item-total correlation. t denotes the discrimination index	27.62^ p <. 01. r denotes item-total correlation. t denotes the discrimination index	.81^ p <. 01. r denotes item-total correlation. t denotes the discrimination index
Q11	26.66^ p <. 01. r denotes item-total correlation. t denotes the discrimination index	.83^ p <. 01. r denotes item-total correlation. t denotes the discrimination index	26.39^ p <. 01. r denotes item-total correlation. t denotes the discrimination index	.82^ p <. 01. r denotes item-total correlation. t denotes the discrimination index	27.31^ p <. 01. r denotes item-total correlation. t denotes the discrimination index	.83^ p <. 01. r denotes item-total correlation. t denotes the discrimination index
Q12	24.55^ p <. 01. r denotes item-total correlation. t denotes the discrimination index	.82^ p <. 01. r denotes item-total correlation. t denotes the discrimination index	25.83^ p <. 01. r denotes item-total correlation. t denotes the discrimination index	.82^ p <. 01. r denotes item-total correlation. t denotes the discrimination index	25.67^ p <. 01. r denotes item-total correlation. t denotes the discrimination index	.81^ p <. 01. r denotes item-total correlation. t denotes the discrimination index

	Loan origination	Job recruitment	Medical treatment
Q1	.81	.83	.86
Q2	.82	.85	.86
Q3	.84	.85	.85
Q4	.85	.85	.86
Q5	.87	.85	.85
Q6	.85	.87	.86
Q7	.85	.86	.86
Q8	.86	.85	.87
Q9	.84	.85	.86
Q10	.86	.86	.85
Q11	.85	.84	.85
Q12	.85	.85	.85
total	8.55	8.69	8.82
% of variance	71.26	72.44	73.50
KMO	.96	.97	.97

Field	Sample 1		Sample 2
Field	Cronbach’s α	Guttman split-half reliability	Cronbach’s α	Guttman split-half reliability
Loan origination	.96	.94	.96	.95
Job recruitment	.95	.94	.97	.96
Medical treatment	.96	.95	.97	.97

[1] *Correspondence: Xurong Fu fuxurongnjnu@163.com

	Loan origination		Job recruitment		Medical treatment
	t	r	t	r	t	r
Q1	24.49^ p <. 01. r denotes item-total correlation. t denotes the discrimination index	.78^ p <. 01. r denotes item-total correlation. t denotes the discrimination index	27.94^ p <. 01. r denotes item-total correlation. t denotes the discrimination index	.82^ p <. 01. r denotes item-total correlation. t denotes the discrimination index	29.24^ p <. 01. r denotes item-total correlation. t denotes the discrimination index	.82^ p <. 01. r denotes item-total correlation. t denotes the discrimination index
Q2	26.52^ p <. 01. r denotes item-total correlation. t denotes the discrimination index	.83^ p <. 01. r denotes item-total correlation. t denotes the discrimination index	24.38^ p <. 01. r denotes item-total correlation. t denotes the discrimination index	.81^ p <. 01. r denotes item-total correlation. t denotes the discrimination index	24.68^ p <. 01. r denotes item-total correlation. t denotes the discrimination index	.80^ p <. 01. r denotes item-total correlation. t denotes the discrimination index
Q3	24.71^ p <. 01. r denotes item-total correlation. t denotes the discrimination index	.83^ p <. 01. r denotes item-total correlation. t denotes the discrimination index	25.91^ p <. 01. r denotes item-total correlation. t denotes the discrimination index	.82^ p <. 01. r denotes item-total correlation. t denotes the discrimination index	27.12^ p <. 01. r denotes item-total correlation. t denotes the discrimination index	.84^ p <. 01. r denotes item-total correlation. t denotes the discrimination index
Q4	26.96^ p <. 01. r denotes item-total correlation. t denotes the discrimination index	.84^ p <. 01. r denotes item-total correlation. t denotes the discrimination index	26.32^ p <. 01. r denotes item-total correlation. t denotes the discrimination index	.82^ p <. 01. r denotes item-total correlation. t denotes the discrimination index	24.74^ p <. 01. r denotes item-total correlation. t denotes the discrimination index	.80^ p <. 01. r denotes item-total correlation. t denotes the discrimination index
Q5	26.03^ p <. 01. r denotes item-total correlation. t denotes the discrimination index	.84^ p <. 01. r denotes item-total correlation. t denotes the discrimination index	24.05^ p <. 01. r denotes item-total correlation. t denotes the discrimination index	.79^ p <. 01. r denotes item-total correlation. t denotes the discrimination index	28.65^ p <. 01. r denotes item-total correlation. t denotes the discrimination index	.82^ p <. 01. r denotes item-total correlation. t denotes the discrimination index
Q6	26.86^ p <. 01. r denotes item-total correlation. t denotes the discrimination index	.84^ p <. 01. r denotes item-total correlation. t denotes the discrimination index	29.02^ p <. 01. r denotes item-total correlation. t denotes the discrimination index	.84^ p <. 01. r denotes item-total correlation. t denotes the discrimination index	26.56^ p <. 01. r denotes item-total correlation. t denotes the discrimination index	.82^ p <. 01. r denotes item-total correlation. t denotes the discrimination index
Q7	24.92^ p <. 01. r denotes item-total correlation. t denotes the discrimination index	.83^ p <. 01. r denotes item-total correlation. t denotes the discrimination index	25.93^ p <. 01. r denotes item-total correlation. t denotes the discrimination index	.82^ p <. 01. r denotes item-total correlation. t denotes the discrimination index	28.71^ p <. 01. r denotes item-total correlation. t denotes the discrimination index	.83^ p <. 01. r denotes item-total correlation. t denotes the discrimination index
Q8	27.18^ p <. 01. r denotes item-total correlation. t denotes the discrimination index	.84^ p <. 01. r denotes item-total correlation. t denotes the discrimination index	25.52^ p <. 01. r denotes item-total correlation. t denotes the discrimination index	.82^ p <. 01. r denotes item-total correlation. t denotes the discrimination index	25.83^ p <. 01. r denotes item-total correlation. t denotes the discrimination index	.83^ p <. 01. r denotes item-total correlation. t denotes the discrimination index
Q9	26.28^ p <. 01. r denotes item-total correlation. t denotes the discrimination index	.84^ p <. 01. r denotes item-total correlation. t denotes the discrimination index	27.01^ p <. 01. r denotes item-total correlation. t denotes the discrimination index	.81^ p <. 01. r denotes item-total correlation. t denotes the discrimination index	26.58^ p <. 01. r denotes item-total correlation. t denotes the discrimination index	.83^ p <. 01. r denotes item-total correlation. t denotes the discrimination index
Q10	25.89^ p <. 01. r denotes item-total correlation. t denotes the discrimination index	.83^ p <. 01. r denotes item-total correlation. t denotes the discrimination index	26.83^ p <. 01. r denotes item-total correlation. t denotes the discrimination index	.81^ p <. 01. r denotes item-total correlation. t denotes the discrimination index	27.62^ p <. 01. r denotes item-total correlation. t denotes the discrimination index	.81^ p <. 01. r denotes item-total correlation. t denotes the discrimination index
Q11	26.66^ p <. 01. r denotes item-total correlation. t denotes the discrimination index	.83^ p <. 01. r denotes item-total correlation. t denotes the discrimination index	26.39^ p <. 01. r denotes item-total correlation. t denotes the discrimination index	.82^ p <. 01. r denotes item-total correlation. t denotes the discrimination index	27.31^ p <. 01. r denotes item-total correlation. t denotes the discrimination index	.83^ p <. 01. r denotes item-total correlation. t denotes the discrimination index
Q12	24.55^ p <. 01. r denotes item-total correlation. t denotes the discrimination index	.82^ p <. 01. r denotes item-total correlation. t denotes the discrimination index	25.83^ p <. 01. r denotes item-total correlation. t denotes the discrimination index	.82^ p <. 01. r denotes item-total correlation. t denotes the discrimination index	25.67^ p <. 01. r denotes item-total correlation. t denotes the discrimination index	.81^ p <. 01. r denotes item-total correlation. t denotes the discrimination index

Brasil

Brasil

Validity and reliability of the Chinese version of Threats of Artificial Intelligence Scale (TAI) in Chinese adults

Abstract