Evidence of validity and reliability of the adaptive functioning scale for intellectual disability (EFA-DI)

Selau, Thais; Silva, Mônia Aparecida da; Mendonça Filho, Euclides José de; Bandeira, Denise Ruschel

doi:10.1186/s41155-020-00164-7

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Psicologia: Reflexão e Crítica

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Research • Psicol. Reflex. Crit. 33 • 2020 • https://doi.org/10.1186/s41155-020-00164-7 copy

Evidence of validity and reliability of the adaptive functioning scale for intellectual disability (EFA-DI)

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Intellectual disability (ID) is a developmental disorder characterized by deficits in intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior. The fifth edition of the Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-5) defines adaptive functioning as a severity measure of ID. The availability of tests in the international context to assess this construct has increased in recent years. In Brazil, however, non-systematic assessment of adaptive functioning, such as through observation and interviews, still predominates. The Escala de Funcionamento Adaptativo para Deficiencia Intelectual EFA-DI [Adaptive Functioning Scale for Intellectual Disabilities] is a new instrument developed in Brazil to assess the adaptive functioning of 7- to 15-year-old children and support the diagnosis of ID. This study's objectives were to investigate evidence of validity related to the EFA-DI's internal structure, criterion validity, and reliability. The psychometric analyses involved two statistical modeling types, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and item response theory analysis (IRT). These results highlight the EFA-DI scale's strong psychometric properties and support its use as a parental report measure of young children's adaptive functioning. Future studies will be conducted to develop norms of interpretation for the EFA-DI. This study is expected to contribute to the fields of psychological assessment and child development in Brazil.

Keywords:
Adaptive functioning; Intellectual disability; Assessment; Test construction

		F	%
Diagnosis
	Autism spectrum disorder (ASD)	67	40.1
	Down syndrome	9	5.4
	Cerebral palsy	42	25.1
	Developmental coordination disorder	23	13.8
	Mild intellectual disability	89	53.3
	Moderate intellectual disability	44	26.3
	Severe or profound intellectual disability	21	12.6
	Unspecified intellectual disability	9	5.4

Models	CFA fit indexes					Internal consistency
Models	χ² (gl)	CFI	TLI	SRMR	RMSEA	Alpha	Omega
Social	290.2^* * p < 0.05 (88)	0.97	0.97	0.06	0.07	0.93	0.94
Conceptual	159.7^* * p < 0.05 (54)	0.99	0.99	0.02	0.06	0.97	0.98
Practical	545.2^* * p < 0.05 (250)	0.99	0.99	0.03	0.05	0.97	0.97
Second-order factor of general adaptive functioning	1850.6^* * p < 0.05 (1219)	0.99	0.99	0.04	0.03	0.98	0.99

Item	Domains						Second-order factor of general adaptive functioning
	Social		Practical		Conceptual		Second-order factor of general adaptive functioning
	Factor loading	Infit	Factor loading	Infit	Factor loading	Infit	Factor loading	Infit
S1	0.85	0.98					0.82	1.34
S2	0.82	1.09					0.82	1.45
S3	0.80	1.09					0.79	1.49
S5	0.87	0.88					0.90	1.10
S6	0.81	1.16					0.82	1.48
S7	0.89	0.95					0.96	0.94
S8	0.72	1.34					0.76	1.44
S9	0.88	0.91					0.88	1.40
S10	0.83	0.87					0.82	1.01
S11	0.92	0.69					0.91	0.93
S12	0.91	0.73					0.95	0.97
S13	0.82	1.00					0.84	1.36
S14	0.76	1.23					0.78	1.47
S15	0.86	0.97					0.88	1.32
S16	0.75	1.23					0.76	1.50
C1					0.94	1.06	0.94	0.7
C2					0.99	0.79	0.99	0.78
C3					0.98	0.91	0.99	0.8
C4					0.93	1.35	0.94	0.95
C5					0.98	0.57	0.98	0.64
C6					0.95	1.01	0.95	0.89
C7					0.91	1.50	0.93	1.05
C8					0.95	0.94	0.96	0.73
C9					0.94	1.06	0.98	0.66
C10					0.95	0.96	0.96	0.71
C11					0.94	1.09	0.95	0.76
P1			0.91	0.89			0.92	0.81
P2			0.91	0.96			0.89	0.95
P3			0.85	1.50			0.83	1.32
P4			0.92	1.21			0.92	0.93
P5			0.93	0.82			0.91	0.89
P6			0.94	0.90			0.90	0.95
P7			0.89	1.17			0.84	1.33
P8			0.90	1.16			0.87	1.15
P9			0.92	0.83			0.90	0.88
P10			0.90	1.31			0.88	1.06
P11			0.97	0.81			0.97	0.70
P12			0.95	0.86			0.94	0.78
P13			0.94	1.08			0.92	0.87
P14			0.92	1.06			0.91	0.86
P15			0.97	0.64			0.98	0.57
P16			0.88	1.10			0.90	0.92
P17			0.94	0.77			0.91	0.75
P18			0.93	1.04			0.95	0.87
P19			0.90	0.98			0.91	0.83
P20			0.95	0.83			0.96	0.69
P21			0.85	1.18			0.84	1.16
P22			0.87	1.18			0.89	1.09
P23			0.87	1.12			0.90	0.97
P24			0.85	1.18			0.85	1.04

Groups	EFA-DI's domains
Groups	Social M (CI)	Practical M (CI)	Conceptual M (CI)	Adaptive functioning M (CI)
Typlcal development	2.54 (2.42 – 2.68) ^abc	2.65(2.49 – 2.81) ^abc	2.77 (2.61 – 2.94)^abc	2.60 (2.43 – 2.77)^abc
Mild ID	0.43 (0.24 – 0.64) ^ade	– 0.62 (– 1.41 – 0.26)^ade	– 1.36 (– 1.86 to – 0.76) ^ade	– 0.26 (– 0.63 – 0.22)^ade
Moderate ID	– 0.16 (– 0.58 – 0.25) ^bd	– 1.45 (– 2.07 to – 0.84) ^bd	– 2.41(– 2.98 to – 1.84) ^bd	– 0.91 (– 1.29 to – 0.54) ^bd
Severe/Profound ID	– 0.60 (– 1.21 – 0.14)^ce	– 2.35 (– 3.14 to – 1.45) ^ce	– 3.14 (– 3.63 to – 2.55) ^ce	– 1.52 (– 2.17 to – 0.93)^ce

Curso de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600 - sala 110, 90035-003 Porto Alegre RS - Brazil, Tel.: +55 51 3308-5691 - Porto Alegre - RS - Brazil
E-mail: prc@springeropen.com

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[1] * Correspondence: thaisselau@hotmail.com