Validity evidence of the Brazilian version of the Perceived Motivational Climate in Sports Questionnaire-2 (PMCSQ-2BR)

Arthur, Daniel Perez; Paes, Mayara Juliana; Machado, Thais do Amaral; Stefanello, Joice Mara Facco

doi:10.1186/s41155-022-00230-2

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Psicologia: Reflexão e Crítica

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Research • Psicol. Reflex. Crit. 35 • 2022 • https://doi.org/10.1186/s41155-022-00230-2 copy

Validity evidence of the Brazilian version of the Perceived Motivational Climate in Sports Questionnaire-2 (PMCSQ-2BR)

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

In sports context, the motivational climate has been widely studied since 2000, when the Perceived Motivational Climate in Sports Questionnaire-2 (PMCSQ-2) was published. Evaluating athletes’ perceptions of the motivational climate created by the coach, this questionnaire has been validated and adapted for different countries, including Brazil. However, important psychometric properties of the Brazilian version present problems, such as poor fit indices and the almost exclusively male samples, make it unfeasible for use in future research. Thus, this study aimed to achieve a new process of cross-cultural adaptation, and search for validity evidence of the PMCSQ-2 for the Brazilian sports context to correct distortions, expand the sources of evidence of validity and ecological validity, and make it suitable for application in future research. The sample consisted of 501 athletes (349 males, 152 females) from different sports. The findings of the current study support the multidimensional hierarchical characteristic of the instrument, its factorial structure, and internal consistency. We concluded that the 33-item PMCSQ-2BR, distributed in two high-order scales (ego-involving and task-involving) with three subscales each, can be used to assess athletes’ perceived motivational climate in the Brazilian sports context.

Keywords:
Motivational climate; Psychometrics; Evidences of validity; Team sports; Cross-cultural adaptation; PMCSQ-2

Item	Language clarity	Practical pertinence	Theoretical relevance
1	0.80	0.92	0.95
2	0.92	0.92	0.92
3	0.90	0.97	0.97
4	0.87	0.97	0.98
5	0.95	0.98	1.00
6	0.87	0.95	0.95
7	0.92	0.97	0.98
8	0.85	0.95	0.93
9	0.93	0.97	0.97
10	0.98	0.98	0.98
11	0.87	1.00	0.97
12	0.85	0.95	0.97
13	0.95	0.98	0.97
14	0.80	0.97	0.97
15	0.75^* * CVCC < 0.80	0.95	0.97
16	0.93	0.97	0.98
17	0.92	0.97	0.98
18	0.95	0.97	0.98
19	0.98	0.98	0.98
20	0.98	0.98	0.98
21	1.00	1.00	1.00
22	0.93	0.97	0.98
23	0.93	0.95	0.97
24	0.93	1.00	1.00
25	0.87	0.95	0.93
26	0.93	0.98	0.97
27	1.00	0.98	0.98
28	0.88	0.97	0.98
29	0.92	0.95	0.95
30	0.97	0.98	1.00
31	1.00	1.00	0.98
32	1.00	1.00	1.00
33	0.97	0.98	0.98
PMCSQ-2BR	0.92	0.97	0.97
Total	0.96

Model/estimator	χ²	df	Δ χ²		GFI	AGFI	RMSEA	(90% C.I.)	PNFI	PGFI	NNFI	SRMR	CFI
1/WLSMV	1104.47	495.00			0.88	0.86	0.05	(0.049–0.058)	0.73	0.77	0.74	0.10	0.76
1/MLR	1267.46	495.00			0.81	0.78	0.06	(0.057–0.064)	0.62	0.71	0.74	0.10	0.76
2/WLSMV	860.86	494.00	243.61	^* ***** p < 0.001	0.93	0.92	0.04	(0.037–0.046)	0.82	0.82	0.84	0.07	0.85
2/MLR	1231.90	494.00	35.56	^* ***** p < 0.001	0.81	0.78	0.06	(0.055–0.063)	0.63	0.71	0.76	0.07	0.77
3/WLSMV	2303.19	495.00			0.64	0.59	0.09	(0.089–0.096)	0.31	0.57	0.23	0.17	0.27
3/MLR	1811.00	495.00			0.76	0.73	0.08	(0.075–0.082)	0.49	0.67	0.57	0.17	0.60
4/WLSMV	828.42	480.00	1474.77	^* ***** p < 0.001	0.94	0.93	0.04	(0.036–0.046)	0.80	0.80	0.85	0.07	0.86
4/MLR	1128.55	480.00	682.46	^* ***** p < 0.001	0.84	0.81	0.06	(0.052–0.060)	0.64	0.71	0.78	0.07	0.80
5/WLSMV	1082.89	489.00			0.88	0.87	0.05	(0.049–0.058)	0.72	0.77	0.74	0.09	0.76
5/MLR	1196.83	489.00			0.83	0.80	0.06	(0.054–0.062)	0.64	0.72	0.77	0.09	0.78
6/WLSMV	830.55	488.00	252.35	^* ***** p < 0.001	0.94	0.93	0.04	(0.036–0.045)	0.81	0.81	0.85	0.07	0.86
6/MLR	1160.11	488.00	36.73	^* ***** p < 0.001	0.83	0.80	0.06	(0.053–0.061)	0.64	0.72	0.78	0.07	0.80

Model	χ2	df	Δχ²		GFI	AGFI	RMSEA	(90% C.I.)	PNFI	PGFI	NNFI	SRMR	CFI
1	1104.47	495.00			0.88	0.86	0.05	(0.049–0.058)	0.73	0.77	0.74	0.10	0.76
2	860.86	494.00	243.61	^* ***** p < 0.001	0.93	0.92	0.04	(0.037–0.046)	0.82	0.82	0.84	0.07	0.85
3	2303.19	495.00			0.64	0.59	0.09	(0.089–0.096)	0.31	0.57	0.23	0.17	0.27
4	828.42	480.00	1474.77	^* ***** p < 0.001	0.94	0.93	0.04	(0.036–0.046)	0.80	0.80	0.85	0.07	0.86
5	1082.89	489.00			0.88	0.87	0.05	(0.049–0.058)	0.72	0.77	0.74	0.09	0.76
6	830.55	488.00	252.35	^* ***** p < 0.001	0.94	0.93	0.04	(0.036–0.045)	0.81	0.81	0.85	0.07	0.86

Subscales	1		2		3		4		5		6		7		8
1. Cooperative learning	1.00
2. Important role	0.67	^* ***** p < 0.001	1.00
3. Effort/improvement	0.68	^* ***** p < 0.001	0.66	^* ***** p < 0.001	1.00
4. Punishment for mistakes	- 0.17	^* * p < 0.05	- 0.21	^* ***** p < 0.001	- 0.08	1.00
5. Unequal recognition	- 0.33	^* ***** p < 0.001	- 0.29	^* ***** p < 0.001	- 0.26	^* ***** p < 0.001	0.52	^* ***** p < 0.001	1.00
6. Intra-team member rivalry	- 0.30	^* ***** p < 0.001	- 0.26	^* ***** p < 0.001	- 0.25	^* ***** p < 0.001	0.34	^* ***** p < 0.001	0.50	^* ***** p < 0.001	1.00
7. Task-involving climate	0.85	^* ***** p < 0.001	0.87	^* ***** p < 0.001	0.91	^* ***** p < 0.001	- 0.17	^* * p < 0.05	- 0.32	^* ***** p < 0.001	- 0.30	^* ***** p < 0.001	1.00
8. Ego-involving climate	- 0.31	^* ***** p < 0.001	- 0.30	^* ***** p < 0.001	- 0.22	^* ***** p < 0.001	0.78	^* ***** p < 0.001	0.89	^* ***** p < 0.001	0.66	^* ***** p < 0.001	- 0.30	^* ***** p < 0.001	1.00

Subscales		Cronbach's a	CR
Task-involving		0.87	0.95
	Cooperative learning	0.72	0.72
	Important role	0.70	0.70
	Effort/improvement	0.76	0.76
Ego-involving		0.82	0.92
	Punishment for mistakes	0.64	0.60
	Unequal recognition	0.76	0.78
	Intra-team member rivalry	0.47	0.46

Measurement invariance	χ²		df	Δχ²	CFI	ΔCFI
Male (n = 349)	650.800	^* ***** p < 0.001	488		0.887
Female (n = 152)	617.775	^* ***** p < 0.001	488		0.822
Configural (equal form)	1268.539	^* ***** p < 0.001	976		0.862
Metric (equal factor loading)	1278.062	^* ***** p < 0.001	1007	9.523	0.872	0.010
Scalar (equal indicator intercepts)	1318.353	^* ***** p < 0.001	1032	40.291	0.865	-0.007
Strict (equal indicator error variances)	1354.634	^* ***** p < 0.001	1065	36.28	0.863	-0.002

Perceived Motivational Climate (PMCSQ-2BR)	Goal orientation (TESOQ)
Perceived Motivational Climate (PMCSQ-2BR)	Task orientation		Ego orientation
Cooperative learning	0.39	^* ***** p < 0.001	- 0.07
Important role	0.40	^* ***** p < 0.001	- 0.04
Effort/improvement	0.50	^* ***** p < 0.001	- 0.05
Task-involving	0.50	^* ***** p < 0.001	- 0.06
Punishment for mistakes	- 0.04		0.07
Unequal recognition	- 0.15		0.24	^* ***** p < 0.001
Intra-team member rivalry	- 0.23	^* ***** p < 0.001	0.23	^* ***** p < 0.001
Ego-involving	- 0.13	^* * p < 0.05	0.22	^* ***** p < 0.001

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E-mail: prc@springeropen.com

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[1] *Correspondence: d.perezarthur@gmail.com