DEVELOPING AND EVALUATING NEW ALTERNATIVES FOR URBAN MOBILITY: A CASE STUDY OF A BRAZILIAN CITY

Oliveira, Rayara Sirlei Mauricio de; Morais, Danielle Costa; Siebert, Johannes

doi:10.1590/0101-7438.2023.043spe1.00263440

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ARTICLES • Pesqui. Oper. 43 (spe1) • 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0101-7438.2023.043spe1.00263440 copy

DEVELOPING AND EVALUATING NEW ALTERNATIVES FOR URBAN MOBILITY: A CASE STUDY OF A BRAZILIAN CITY

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Mobility and urban planning are challenging tasks for public authorities, especially in densely populated cities. The city of Olinda, Pernambuco-Brazil, faces problems in traffic and access to places, making it necessary to identify new alternatives to improve urban mobility in Olinda. This study presents a decision support model to develop and evaluate new alternatives to do so. In the decision frontend, Value-Focused Thinking was applied to identify objectives and their respective attributes, and to create alternatives based on these objectives. As a result, 69 alternatives were generated, concatenated into 48, and categorized into four groups. Group 1 and Group 2 comprise 30 alternatives that serve the city’s north side; however, they attend to the neighborhoods separately. Group 3 comprises 11 alternatives routes that serve the two areas together, this being the focus of this study, and Group four consists of 7 short-term alternatives. In the decision backend, the FITradeoff for ranking problematic method was applied to evaluate the 11 alternatives of Group 3. The study showed that it would be possible to improve mobility more urgently by making a few improvements to the itinerary on the existing routes. Therefore, the study discusses the possibility of starting to make progress in the urban system of the city by using fewer complex alternatives compared to setting up new routes.

Keywords:
FITradeoff; urban mobility; ranking problematic; VFT (Value-Focused Thinking)

Devices for identifying objectives
A wish list
Alternatives
Problems and deficiencies
Consequences
Objectives, restrictions, and guidelines
Different perspectives
Strategic objectives
Generic objectives
Structuring objectives
Quantifying objectives

How was the list of objectives accomplished?
1 - Assuming you didn’t have any limitations, what would your objectives be?
2 - What alternatives can improve urban mobility immediately?
3 - What alternatives can improve urban mobility in the long term?
4 - Which alternatives are successful and which are system failures? Why?
5 - What existing alternatives could be modified to improve urban mobility?
6 - Are there alternatives that can cause unacceptable consequences?
7 - The DM puts himself in the place of stakeholders, such as society and the transport secretary, and analyzes the possible objectives from another perspective.
8 - Use the city’s Mobility Plan as a guideline to generate more objectives.

Code	Criteria	Preference	Scale
C₁	Frequency	Max	Likert (5 levels)
C₂	Itinerary	Max	Likert (5 levels)
C₃	Generator poles	Max	Likert (5 levels)
C₄	Quantity	Max	Likert (5 levels)
C₅	Alternatives routes	Max	Likert (5 levels)
C₆	Illegal transporation	Min	Likert (5 levels)
C₇	Path	Min	Likert (5 levels)
C₈	Viable roads	Max	Likert (6 levels)
C₉	Demand	Max	Likert (5 levels)
C₁₀	Commerce	Max	Likert (5 levels)

Level	Description
5	Possibility of increasing frequency by more than 50%
4	Possibility of increasing frequency by more than 40% and less than 50%
3	Possibility of increasing frequency by more than 30% and less than 40%
2	Possibility of increasing frequency by more than 20% and less than 30%
1	Possibility of increasing frequency by up to 20%

Level	Description
5	It will be possible to reach more than 40% more people than the original route, the cost would not have much impact (also considering that fewer new routes would have to be implemented to reach the objectives more effectively), and the journey time would not be increased, since it would use some alternative, less congested routes.
4	It will be possible to reach 30% to 40% more of the population, the cost would be up to 5% more, and the journey time would not be increased.
3	It will be possible to reach more than 30% and less than 40% more of the population, the cost would impact up to 5%, and the journey time would be increased by up to 5%.
2	It will be possible to reach more than 20% and less than 30% of the population, the cost would not have much impact, and the journey time would be increased by more than 5% and less than 10%.
1	It will be possible to reach up to 10% more of the population, the cost would impact between 5% and 10%, and the journey time would be increased by more than 10%.

Level	Description
5	Reaches more than seven trip generating poles (TGPs)
4	Reaches more than five and less than seven TGPs
3	Reaches more than three and less than five TGPs
2	Reaches more than one and less than three TGPs
1	Reach at least one TGP

What are considered travel generating hubs?
Casa Caiada (innermost roads and not the main roads)	Large Universities (UFPE, UPE, UFRPE, UNICAP, IFPE)
Bairro Novo (innermost roads and not the main roads)	Ouro Preto (innermost roads and not the main roads)
Cidade alta (innermost roads and not the main roads)	Peixinhos (Centro) - Avenida Presidente Kenedy
Boa Viagem - Shopping Rio Mar, Shopping Recife	Avenida principal de Olinda (Av. Dr. José Augusto Moreira)
Paulista (Centro) - Shopping North Way	Dantas Barreto
Casa Amarela	Derby
Terminal da Macaxeira (going via highway BR-101)	Metrô
PE-22	Av. Conde da Boa vista
Integration of PE-15	Camaragibe
Integration of Rio Doce	São Lourenço da Mata
Avenida Norte	Piedade
Encruzilhada	Candeias
Paulista (Janga)	Cabo de Santo Agostinho
Paulista (Maranguape)	Besides other colleges and universities
13 de Maio	Jaboatão

Level	Description
5	Possibility of increasing frequency by more than 40%
4	Possibility of increasing frequency by more than 30% and less than 40%
3	Possibility of increasing frequency by more than 20% and less than 30%
2	Possibility of increasing frequency by more than 10% and less than 20%
1	Possibility of increasing frequency by up to 10%

Level	Description
5	Uses more than 25km of main roads
4	Uses more than 20km and less than 25km of main roads
3	Uses more than 15km and less than 20km of main roads
2	Uses more than 5km and less than 15km of main roads
1	Uses less than 5km of main roads

Level	Description
5	Possibility of decreasing illegal transport by up to 30%
4	Possibility of decreasing illegal transport by more than 30% and less than 50%
3	Possibility of decreasing illegal transport by more than 50% and less than 70%
2	Possibility of decreasing illegal transport by more than 70% and less than 99%
1	Extinction of illegal transport (Because the alternative routes will be planned to cover the points from which these forms of transport operate, there will no longer be a need for illegal transport)

Level	Description
5	Minimized from 0 meters to 5 meters
4	Minimized from 5 meters to 10 meters
3	Minimized from 10 meters to 15 meters
2	Minimized from 15 meters to 20 meters
1	Minimized above 20 meters

Level	Description
6	There are between 80% and 100% of roads already paved on the route, with the rest being roads that are to be paved soon
5	There are more than 70% and less than 80% of roads already paved, and the rest are roads that are to be paved soon
4	There are more than 50% and less than 70% of roads already paved, and the rest of the roads that are to be paved soon
3	There are more than 40% and less than 50% of roads already paved, and the rest are roads that are to be paved soon
2	There are more than 20% and less than 40%, and the rest is split between roads that are to be paved soon and roads that are not paved
1	There are less than 20% of roads already paved, and the rest is divided between roads that are to be paved soon and roads that are not paved

Level	Description
5	Has the possibility of reaching more than 80% of the population
4	Has the possibility of reaching more than 60% and less than 80% of the population
3	Has the possibility of reaching more than 40% and less than 60% of the population
2	Has the possibility of reaching more than 20% and less than 40% of the population
1	Has the possibility of reaching less than 20% of the population

Level	Description
5	Possibility of reaching more than 70% of commercial points
4	Has the possibility of reaching more than 50% and less than 70% of commercial points
3	Has the possibility of reaching more than 30% and less than 50% of commercial points
2	Has the possibility of reaching more than 15% and less than 30% of commercial points
1	Has the possibility of reaching less than 15% of commercial points

Alternatives
1	Creation of a channel for receiving complaints and feedback
2	Increase the frequencies of existing bus lines
3	Adequacy of paths for the existence of cycle paths
4	Integration of public and more sustainable transport (bicycle parking at bus terminals)
5	Implement the continuing education process
6	Improve communication and information with incentives and investment in specific applications
7	Install more bus stops

Código	Descrição das rotas
R1	Jardim atlântico/Jardim Fragoso - BR-101 (Terminus of Macaxeira)
R2	Jardim atlântico/Jardim Fragoso - Camaragibe/São Lourenço da Mata
R3	Jardim atlântico/Jardim Fragoso - Boa Viagem/Piedade/Candeias/Jaboatão
R4	Jardim atlântico/Jardim Fragoso - Av. Norte (Casa Amarela/Encruzilhada)
R5	Jardim atlântico/Jardim Fragoso - Cidade Universitária
R6	Jardim atlântico/Jardim Fragoso - Derby/Boa Vista/Dantas Barreto
R7	Jardim atlântico/Jardim Fragoso - Dois Irmãos
R8	Jardim atlântico/Jardim Fragoso - 13 de maio /Dantas Barreto/Metrô
R9	Jardim atlântico/Jardim Fragoso - Paulista (center) /Shopping/Integration
R10	Jardim atlântico/Jardim Fragoso - Boa Vista/Derby
R11	Jardim atlântico/Jardim Fragoso - Paulista (PE-22) /Janga/Pau Amarelo /Maria Farinha

Criteria	C₁	C₂	C₃	C₄	C₅	C₆	C₇	C₈	C₉	C₁₀
Preference	Max.	Max.	Max.	Max.	Max.	Min.	Min.	Max.	Max.	Max.
R₁	5	5	1	4	4	2	4	4	2	2
R₂	2	5	4	3	4	1	2	2	5	4
R₃	5	4	4	3	5	1	5	3	3	5
R₄	4	2	4	3	4	3	1	1	4	5
R₅	1	4	3	3	4	2	1	5	1	3
R₆	3	2	4	1	5	5	4	2	2	4
R₇	5	3	2	5	1	3	1	3	5	3
R₈	2	5	3	1	5	4	2	4	2	4
R₉	1	2	3	3	5	2	3	3	4	4
R₁₀	4	2	1	3	2	4	1	4	1	2
R₁₁	2	5	3	5	4	3	3	2	4	5

Round	Consequence A		Consequence B		Preference	Ranking Level
	Crit.	Value	Crit.	Value
1	C₁	3	C₁₀	5	A	1
2	C₁	3	C₂	1	A	1
3	C₂	3	C₃	5	A	3
4	Avaliação holística: R₇ >R₁₀					4
5	C₃	3	C₄	1	A	5
6	C₄	3	C₅	5	A	6
7	C₅	3	C₆	5	B	6
8	C₆	3	C₇	5	A	7
9	Avaliação holística: R₁ >R₆					7

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