Gelatin capsule waste: new source of protein to develop a biodegradable film

Campo, Camila de; Pagno, Carlos Henrique; Costa, Tania Maria Haas; Rios, Alessandro de Oliveira; Flôres, Simone Hickmann

doi:10.1590/0104-1428.2371

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Original Article • Polímeros 27 (02) • Apr-Jun 2017 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0104-1428.2371 copy

Gelatin capsule waste: new source of protein to develop a biodegradable film

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

This work aimed to develop biodegradable films utilizing a new source of gelatin derived from the nutraceutical capsule manufacture waste of coconut with safflower oil, coconut oil and safflower oil. The mechanical, physicochemical, barrier, optical, biodegradation, thermal and morphological properties were evaluated. All films showed low water vapor permeability, intermediate water solubility and high elongation at break. In addition, the films exhibited excellent barrier ability to ultraviolet light. After 15 days of soil burial degradation, the films lost over 68% of initial weight. Scanning electron microscopy showed an appearance free of pores, cracks or bubbles. Furthermore the films showed similar characteristics independent of the waste utilized. The results demonstrated that all the biodegradable films prepared presented appropriate characteristics to be used as substitute to synthetic packaging.

Keywords:
gelatin films; food packaging; nutraceutical capsules waste; environmental impact

Film	Thickness (mm)	TS ^c c TS (MPa) = F max/A (F max, maximum load (N) needed to pull the sample apart; A, cross-sectional area (m2) of the samples); (MPa)	E ^d d EAB (%) = (E/50) x 100 (E, film elongation (mm) at the moment of rupture; 50, initial grip length (mm) of samples). (%)
Coconut with safflower	0.256 ± 0.005^a a The results are represented as the means ± standard deviation;	2.41 ± 0.09^a a The results are represented as the means ± standard deviation;	264.62 ± 1.57^b b Values with the same letter are not significantly different (p > 0.05);
Coconut	0.212 ± 0.04^a a The results are represented as the means ± standard deviation;	2.14 ± 0.10^b b Values with the same letter are not significantly different (p > 0.05);	189.10 ± 5.79^c c TS (MPa) = F max/A (F max, maximum load (N) needed to pull the sample apart; A, cross-sectional area (m2) of the samples);
Safflower	0.274 ± 0.05^a a The results are represented as the means ± standard deviation;	1.96 ± 0.09^c c TS (MPa) = F max/A (F max, maximum load (N) needed to pull the sample apart; A, cross-sectional area (m2) of the samples);	275.68 ± 3.97^a a The results are represented as the means ± standard deviation;

Waste	WVP ^c c WVP (g.mm/m2 h kPa) = (w, weight gain (g) of the cup; x, film thickness (m); A, area of exposed film (m2); t, time of gain (h); (P2 - P1), vapour pressure differential (Pa) across the film); (g.mm/m² h kPa)	Water solubility (%)	Moisture Content (%)	Opacity ^d d Opacity (%) at each wavelength; x, film thickness (mm). 210nm	500nm
Coconut with safflower	0.17 ± 0.01^a a The results are represented as the means ± standard deviation;	37.68 ± 1.08^c c WVP (g.mm/m2 h kPa) = (w, weight gain (g) of the cup; x, film thickness (m); A, area of exposed film (m2); t, time of gain (h); (P2 - P1), vapour pressure differential (Pa) across the film);	21.36 ± 1.59^a a The results are represented as the means ± standard deviation;	59.01 ± 2.53^a a The results are represented as the means ± standard deviation;	2.68 ± 0.30^a a The results are represented as the means ± standard deviation;
Coconut	0.22 ± 0.06^a a The results are represented as the means ± standard deviation;	45.76 ± 4.81^a a The results are represented as the means ± standard deviation; ^b b Values within each column with the same letter are not significantly different (p > 0.05);	20.44 ± 0.9^a a The results are represented as the means ± standard deviation;	62.20 ± 2.69^a a The results are represented as the means ± standard deviation;	1.63 ± 0.09^b b Values within each column with the same letter are not significantly different (p > 0.05);
Safflower	0.21 ± 0.01^a a The results are represented as the means ± standard deviation;	46.23 ± 0.23^a a The results are represented as the means ± standard deviation;	20.07 ± 1.58^a a The results are represented as the means ± standard deviation;	62.43 ± 0.85^a a The results are represented as the means ± standard deviation;	2.29 ± 0.12^b b Values within each column with the same letter are not significantly different (p > 0.05);

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