Overview of Arterial Hypertension in Quilombos in Brazil: A Narrative Review

Abstract

Hypertension is a chronic medical condition characterized by pathological elevation of blood pressure, affecting 1.13 billion individuals globally and presenting a significant public health concern. Its etiology is multifactorial, influenced by genetic/epigenetic, environmental, and social factors. In Brazil, nearly a quarter of the general population experiences hypertension; however, the literature underscores its disproportionate impact on Afro-descendant communities, often marginalized from basic healthcare services. This study aims to gather prevalence data and establish a nationwide overview of hypertension within 21st-century quilombola communities through a comprehensive literature review. Fifteen studies published between 2001 and 2021, meeting the specified methodological criteria, were selected. These studies collectively encompass 140 quilombola communities spanning 11 Brazilian states. The aggregate prevalence of hypertension across these communities averages at 32.1% (ranging from 13.8% to 52.5%). This panorama unequivocally highlights the recurring and paramount health challenge posed by hypertension within these populations, underscoring the need for tailored management strategies.

Keywords:
Arterial hypertension; Quilombola communities; Health of specific population groups