This article debates the transformation process of the Brazilian medical education based on the experience of the curriculum reformation developed in the Medical School of Universidade Federal Fluminense. We adopted Ludwig Fleck's socio-philosophical reference, assuming that the anatomoclinical viewpoint guides the biomedic thinking style. It was considered the hypothesis that the medical education finds itself structured between two poles: the technical-scientific and the ethical-humanist, the former being more appreciated, and that Brazil's Unified National Health System (SUS) as the platform for the emergence of changes in medical education. A study with ethnographic features was conducted focusing on the subject of "Supervised Fieldwork", with the following methods being triangulated: partaker observation of diversified learning sceneries throughout the first two years of education; interviews with student and preceptors; and document analysis. We concluded that the establishment of new practice scenarios favors the construction, by the students, of an amplified point of view about the health services users, which contributes for the rescue of the ethical-humanist pole of education.
medical education; epistemology; practice scenarios; Brazil's Unified National Health System