Controversies about the experimental use of chloroquine / hydroxychloroquine against Covid-19: “no magic bullet”

Abstract

The article presents an overview of clinical tests conducted in 2020, which aim to produce evidence on the efficacy of two drugs used experimentally against Covid-19 - hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine -, since the effectiveness of their use, whether in the treatment of seriously ill, infected with no significant clinical condition, or even as a preventive agent. Secondary data were used - clinical test databases, media material and specialized literature. Considering the urgency of treatments to contain the pandemic, the experimental use generated controversies initially in the scientific environment, but which ended up being strongly captured politically. Leaders like Trump and Bolsonaro, in ill-founded speeches, have declared themselves highly favorable to the use of these drugs, generating a minimization of the severity of the epidemic and, simultaneously, neglecting the need for significant increase in public spending on health. In view of the fragile scientific evidence produced, the social euphoria surrounding these drugs and their promotion led to exaggerations and irrational behaviors, such as self-medication. It would be expected from governments and managers of democratic nations, much more caution and responsibility, to contribute to the construction of scientifically based, rational and effective responses to the control of the pandemic, protecting the health of their populations, an assumption of state power.

Keywords:
chloroquine / hydroxychloroquine; Covid-19; controversies; clinical tests