According to current Brazilian health authority policies, one's access to physical modifications to have his/her sexual identity altered is dependent upon an established psychiatric diagnosis of transsexualism - gender or sexual identity disorder - in addition to two years of psychiatric evaluations, in order to have it come to fruition. The discomfort with his/her sexual anatomy and the desire to have his/her genitalia modified is the defining criteria to the diagnosis of transsexualism. Sex reassignment surgery is considered to be the last step of such a treatment, and it is viewed by the Judiciary as a necessary condition to effect change in the legal sexual identity status of the transsexual person. This paper argues the moral conflict between transsexual issues and current health policies related to one's exercise on autonomy with regard to therapeutic practices. Hence, Bioethics tools are applied to the discussion, due to the result obtained from an analysis of the arguments made by the health authorities and judicial systems, on the subject, through articles, documents, and Brazilian court decisions. Regarding therapeutic and legal access, some advances have been made. However, notwithstanding, limitations and restrictions still being imposed regarding the exercise of the autonomy of the transsexual individual, might have a negative impact on the health and legal rights of those not acknowledged by the current norms as "true transsexuals". The rights of the transsexual individual to a comprehensive healthcare assistance system, including sexually related health issues, as well as the right to the free development of his/her personality are infringed, at the very moment when the patient's autonomy is not duly safeguarded by current health policies, thus making human rights look more like a duty, to which the person must adapt to as the dominant sexual morality.
transsexualism; bioethics; medicine; human rights; individual autonomy