Effect of Dicamba and Adjuvant Combination on Parthenium Control, Fodder Yield and Yield Components of Forage Sorghum (<i>Sorghum bicolor</i>)

ASIF, M.; TANVEER, A.; SAFDAR, M.E.; ALI, A.; AHMAD, S.

doi:10.1590/S0100-83582019370100036

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Article • Planta daninha 37 • 2019 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-83582019370100036 copy

Effect of Dicamba and Adjuvant Combination on Parthenium Control, Fodder Yield and Yield Components of Forage Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)

Efeito do Dicamba e Combinação de Adjuvantes no Controle de Partênio, Rendimento de Forragem e Componentes de Rendimento de Sorgo de Forragem (Sorghum bicolor)

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT:

Parthenium is an important weed which poses severe threats to yield and quality of sorghum and many other summer season crops, worldwide. As in other field crops, parthenium also reduces yield and quality of forage plants in forage crops so it should be controlled in forage and fodder crops. Parthenium control efficacy of five herbicide treatments (including dicamba at 304.5 g a.i. ha-1 (full rate) alone, dicamba at full rate + 1% ammonium sulphate, dicamba at full rate + 2% ammonium sulphate, dicamba at 75% rate + 1% ammonium sulphate and dicamba at 75% rate + 2% ammonium sulphate) was tested in field trials for two consecutive years (2013 and 2014). One manual hoeing three weeks after crop emergence was also performed as a treatment and weedy check was kept as control. Application of the full rate of dicamba with 2% ammonium sulphate showed the lowest parthenium dry weight (16.5 g m-2 and 23.5 g m-2) and NPK uptake that seem to be due to the highest parthenium control efficiency of 79.6% and 73.8% during 2013 and 2014, respectively. This weed management strategy also gave maximum values of yield components of forage sorghum, including plant height (261 and 254 cm), stem diameter (0.97 and 0.84 cm), leaf area per plant (3,072 and 3,041 cm2), fresh fodder yield (63.4 and 60.9 t ha-1) and dry matter yield (17.4 and 15.8 t ha-1) in 2013 and 2014, respectively. Highest net return and marginal rate of return (346 and 356% in 2013 and 2014, respectively) were also found when the full rate of dicamba with 2% ammonium sulphate was applied. In conclusion, tank-mixed application of dicamba at 304.5 g a.i. ha-1 with 2% of ammonium sulphate proved to be better for efficient control of parthenium weed in forage sorghum.

Keywords:
Parthenium hysterophorus; forage; ammonium sulphate; herbicide

Sociedade Brasileira da Ciência das Plantas Daninhas Departamento de Fitotecnia - DFT, Universidade Federal de Viçosa - UFV, 36570-000 - Viçosa-MG - Brasil, Tel./Fax::(+55 31) 3899-2611 - Viçosa - MG - Brazil
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[1] * Corresponding author: <a_uaf2006@yahoo.com>

Treatment	Dry weight (gm^-2)		Nitrogen uptake (kg ha^-1)		Phosphorus uptake (kg ha^-1)		K uptake (kg ha^-1)
Treatment	2013	2014	2013	2014	2013	2014	2013	2014
Weedy check	81.0 a	89.9 a	37.2 a	31.6 a	3.35 a	3.99 a	24.44 a	26.17 a
Hoeing after 3 weeks’ emergence	47.0 b	51.6 b	20.9 b	18.6 b	2.41 b	2.57 b	14.53 b	15.43 b
Dicamba at 304.5 g a.i. ha^-1	29.8 c	35.7 cd	13.1 c	13.8 c	1.72 cd	2.02 c	9.45 c	10.77 c
Dicamba at 304.5 g a.i. ha^-1 + 1% AMS	21.4 de	28.9 de	9.0 de	11.3 cd	1.29 de	1.81 cd	6.81 de	9.03 cd
Dicamba at 304.5 g a.i. ha^-1 + 2% AMS	16.5 e	23.5 e	6.5 e	9.3 d	1.08 e	1.51 d	5.38 e	7.38 d
Dicamba at 228.4 g a.i. ha^-1 + 1% AMS	32.5 c	36.7 c	11.4 cd	14.1 c	1.84 c	2.03 c	10.21 c	11.14 c
Dicamba at 228.4g a.i. ha^-1 + 2% AMS	26.5 cd	33.5 cd	14.1 c	13.1 c	1.58 cd	1.88 cd	8.50 cd	10.40 c
HSD	6.45	6.92	2.99	2.89	0.468	0.438	2.228	2.360
Contrast comparison
Weedy check vs all	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**
Hoeing vs chemical control	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**
Dicamba 304.5 g vs dicamba 228.4 g	**	*	**	**	^NS	^NS	**	^NS
Dicamba with adjuvant vs dicamba without adjuvant	*	*	**	**	^NS	^NS	^NS	^NS
1% AMS vs 2% AMS	^NS	^NS	**	**	^NS	^NS	^NS	^NS

Treatment	Plant height (cm)		Stem diameter (cm)		Leaf area per plant (cm)		Fresh fodder yield (t ha^-1)		Dry matter yield (t ha^-1)
Treatment	2013	2014	2013	2014	2013	2014	2013	2014	2013	2014
Weedy check	234.4 d	224.3 d	0.765 e	0.699 d	3014.2 e	2973.3 e	50.5 e	47.9 d	11.8 e	11.4 d
Hoeing after 3 weeks of emergence	250.3 c	233.4 c	0.822 de	0.794 c	3039.6 d	2991.8 d	56.5 d	53.1 c	14.1 d	12.8 cd
Dicamba at 304.5 g a.i. ha^-1	254.1bc	240.5bc	0.850 cd	0.812 abc	3047.6 c	3007.1 bcd	58.7 c	55.4bc	14.9 c	13.9 bc
Dicamba at 304.5 g a.i. ha^-1+ 1% AMS	257.0 ab	247.5 ab	0.947 ab	0.831 ab	3060.1 b	3024.1 b	60.3 b	58.3 ab	15.7 b	15.0 ab
Dicambaat 304.5 g a.i. ha^-1+ 2% AMS	261.5 a	254.0 a	0.975 a	0.841 a	3072.6 a	3041.8 a	63.4 a	60.9 a	17.4 a	15.8 a
Dicambaat 228.4 g a.i. ha^-1 + 1% AMS	252.6bc	234.9 c	0.890 bc	0.805 bc	3045.9 cd	3002.0 cd	58.1 c	54.7bc	14.6 c	13.7bc
Dicambaat 228.4 g a.i. ha^-1 + 2%AMS	253.6bc	242.4 b	0.875 cd	0.821 abc	3048.7 c	3011.7 bc	60.1 b	56.3 bc	15.5 b	14.3 ab
HSD	4.60	7.46	0.063	0.031	7.20	17.27	1.30	4.31	0.49	1.56
Contrast comparison
Weedy check vs all	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**
Hoeing vs chemical control	**	*	**	^NS	**	**	**	**	**	*
Dicamba 304.5 g vs dicamba 228.7 g	**	*	**	^NS	**	**	**	^NS	**	^NS
Dicamba with adjuvant vs dicamba without Adjuvant	*	^NS	^NS	^NS	**	^NS	**	^NS	**	^NS
1% AMS vs 2% AMS	^NS	*	^NS	^NS	**	**	**	^NS	**	^NS

Treatment	Gross income (US$ ha^-1)		Total variable Cost (US$ ha^-1)		Net benefits (US$ ha^-1)		Marginal net benefit (US$ ha^-1)		Benefit cost ratio		MRR (%)
Treatment	2013	2014	2013	2014	2013	2014	2013	2014	2013	2014	2013	2014
Weedy check	462.61	479.90	-	-	462.61	479.90	0.00	0.00	-	-	-	-
Hoeing after 3 weeks of emergence	517.84	531.10	23.36	28.04	494.48	503.06	31.86	23.16	1.36	0.83	136.38	82.61
Dicamba at 304.5 g a.i. ha^-1	538.36	554.30	20.09	21.98	518.27	532.32	55.65	52.42	2.77	2.38	276.96	238.47
Dicamba at 304.5 g a.i. ha^-1 + 1% AMS	552.37	583.40	23.34	25.22	529.04	558.18	66.42	78.28	2.85	3.10	284.62	310.32
Dicamba at 304.5 g a.i. ha^-1 + 2% AMS	581.41	609.90	26.58	28.47	554.83	581.43	92.21	101.53	3.47	3.57	346.93	356.66
Dicamba at 228.4 g a.i. ha^-1 + 1% AMS	532.96	547.70	20.07	21.65	512.89	526.05	50.27	46.15	2.51	2.13	250.55	213.10
Dicamba at 228.4 g a.i. ha^-1 + 2% AMS	551.00	563.70	23.31	24.90	527.69	538.80	65.07	58.90	2.79	2.37	279.19	236.58